{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T17:12:55Z","timestamp":1778951575694,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005645","name":"B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u00d0\u00e0o t\u1ea1o","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mucormycosis is an emerging lethal invasive fungal infection. The infection caused by fungi belonging to the order Mucorales has been reported recently as one of the most common fungal infections among COVID-19 patients. The lack of understanding of pathogens, particularly at the molecular level, is one of the reasons for the difficulties in the management of the infection. Myosin is a diverse superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that have various cellular roles. Four families of myosin motors have been found in filamentous fungi, including myosin I, II, V, and fungus-specific chitin synthase with myosin motor domains. Our previous study on <jats:italic>Mucor circinelloides<\/jats:italic>, a common pathogen of mucormycosis, showed that the Myo5 protein (ID 51513) belonging to the myosin type V family had a critical impact on the growth and virulence of this fungus. In this study, to investigate the roles of myosin II proteins in <jats:italic>M. circinelloides<\/jats:italic>, silencing phenotypes and null mutants corresponding to myosin II encoding genes, designated <jats:italic>mcmyo2A<\/jats:italic> (ID 149958) and <jats:italic>mcmyo2B<\/jats:italic> (ID 136314), respectively, were generated. Those mutant strains featured a significantly reduced growth rate and impaired sporulation in comparison with the wild-type strain. Notably, the disruption of <jats:italic>mcmyo2A<\/jats:italic> led to an almost complete lack of sporulation. Both mutant strains displayed abnormally short, septate, and inflated hyphae with the presence of yeast-like cells and an unusual accumulation of pigment-filled vesicles. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> virulence assays of myosin-II mutant strains performed in the invertebrate model <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic> indicated that the <jats:italic>mcmyo2A<\/jats:italic>-knockout strain was avirulent, while the pathogenesis of the <jats:italic>mcmyo2B<\/jats:italic> null mutant was unaltered despite the low growth rate and impaired sporulation. The findings provide suggestions for critical contributions of the myosin II proteins to the polarity growth, septation, morphology, pigment transportation, and pathogenesis of <jats:italic>M. circinelloides.<\/jats:italic> The findings also implicate the myosin family as a potential target for future therapy to treat mucormycosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1031463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T05:37:22Z","timestamp":1671169042000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Myosin-II proteins are involved in the growth, morphogenesis, and virulence of the human pathogenic fungus Mucor circinelloides"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Trung Anh","family":"Trieu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phuong Anh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai Ngoc","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huy Nhat","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FGB.2008.05.012","article-title":"The machinery for cell polarity, cell morphogenesis, and the cytoskeleton in the basidiomycete fungus ustilago maydis\u2013a survey of the genome sequence","volume":"45","author":"Banuett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203910719","article-title":"Hyphal tip growth: Outstanding questions","volume":"15","author":"Bartnicki-Garc\u00eda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mycology Ser."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1091\/MBC.8.12.2693\/ASSET\/IMAGES\/LARGE\/MK1270498009.JPEG","article-title":"Identification of a second myosin-II in schizosaccharomyces pombe: Myp2p is conditionally required for cytokinesis","volume":"8","author":"Bezanilla","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13575","article-title":"Antifungal drug resistance evoked via RNAi-dependent epimutations","volume":"513","author":"Calo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1083\/JCB.201101055\/VIDEO-5","article-title":"Myosin concentration underlies cell size-dependent scalability of actomyosin ring constriction","volume":"195","author":"Calvert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0069283","article-title":"A single argonaute gene participates in exogenous and endogenous RNAi and controls cellular functions in the basal fungus mucor circinelloides","volume":"8","author":"Cervantes","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-9459-1_19","article-title":"Mucormycosis in Asia","volume-title":"Clinical practice of medical mycology in Asia","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2020"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-38062-5_1","article-title":"Introduction","volume-title":"Myosins: A superfamily of molecular motors","author":"Coluccio","year":"2020"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.08.010","article-title":"Antifungal resistance in mucorales","volume":"50","author":"Dannaoui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrobial Agents"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.1893945","article-title":"Galleria mellonella as a screening tool to study virulence factors of aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"12","author":"Durieux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FBR.2016.03.002","article-title":"The importance of subclasses of chitin synthase enzymes with myosin-like domains for the fitness of fungi","volume":"30","author":"Fernandes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fungal Biol. Rev."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FGB.2016.01.009","article-title":"Localization and role of MYO-1, an endocytic protein in hyphae of neurospora crassa","volume":"88","author":"Fernando","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biology: FG B"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/253","article-title":"Transformation of plasmid DNA into e. coli using the heat shock method","volume":"6","author":"Froger","year":"2007","journal-title":"JoVE (Journal Visualized Experiments)"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1006\/BBRC.1997.6907","article-title":"A novel fungal gene encoding chitin synthase with a myosin motor-like domain","volume":"236","author":"Fujiwara","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-05687-6_12","article-title":"The RNAi machinery in mucorales: The emerging role of endogenous small RNAs","author":"Garre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fungal RNA Biol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI71349","article-title":"CotH3 mediates fungal invasion of host cells during mucormycosis","volume":"124","author":"Gebremariam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.272.5261.533","article-title":"Role of type I myosins in receptor-mediated endocytosis in yeast","volume":"272","author":"Geli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/CM.970300109","article-title":"Identification and molecular characterization of a yeast myosin I","volume":"30","author":"Goodson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1083\/JCB.128.6.1055","article-title":"The role of Myo2, a yeast class V myosin, in vesicular transport","volume":"128","author":"Govindan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B20","volume-title":"Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual","author":"Green","year":"2012"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D699","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/GKT1183","article-title":"MycoCosm portal: Gearing up for 1000 fungal genomes","volume":"42","author":"Grigoriev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PPAT.1006827","article-title":"The fungal myosin I is essential for fusarium toxisome formation","volume":"14","author":"Guangfei","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MIMET.2011.01.002","article-title":"High reliability transformation of the basal fungus mucor circinelloides by electroporation","volume":"84","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Microbiological Methods"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1242\/JCS.107.4.1055","article-title":"Identification of MYO4, a second class V myosin gene in yeast","volume":"107","author":"Haarer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3248","article-title":"Walking to work: Roles for class V myosins as cargo transporters","volume":"13","author":"Hammer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1242\/JCS.094300\/-\/DC1","article-title":"The myosin superfamily at a glance","volume":"125","author":"Hartman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S245","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz011","article-title":"Pathogenicity patterns of mucormycosis: Epidemiology, interaction with immune cells and virulence factors","volume":"57","author":"Hassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Mycology"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.5598\/IMAFUNGUS.2018.09.02.05\/FIGURES\/1","article-title":"Phylogenetic taxon definitions for fungi, dikarya, ascomycota and basidiomycota","volume":"9","author":"Hibbett","year":"2018","journal-title":"IMA Fungus"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2958.2010.07234.X","article-title":"The high affinity iron permease is a key virulence factor required for rhizopus oryzae pathogenesis","volume":"77","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/JOF5020027","article-title":"Animal models to study mucormycosis","volume":"5","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.07.011","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of mucormycosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports","volume":"25","author":"Jeong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infection"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1083\/JCB.113.3.539","article-title":"The saccharomyces cerevisiae MYO2 gene encodes an essential myosin for vectorial transport of vesicles","volume":"113","author":"Johnston","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12466","article-title":"Why is mucormycosis more difficult to cure than more common mycoses","volume":"20","author":"Katragkou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infection"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1083\/JCB.137.6.1309","article-title":"Type II myosin heavy chain encoded by the Myo2 gene composes the contractile ring during cytokinesis in schizosaccharomyces pombe","volume":"137","author":"Kitayama","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1146\/Annurev.Biophys.26.1.259","article-title":"Modular peptide recognition domains in eukaryotic signaling","volume":"26","author":"Kuriyan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003625","article-title":"Calcineurin plays key roles in the dimorphic transition and virulence of the human pathogenic zygomycete mucor circinelloides","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13071","article-title":"Calcineurin orchestrates dimorphic transitions, antifungal drug responses and host-pathogen interactions of the pathogenic mucoralean fungus mucor circinelloides","volume":"97","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B38","first-page":"895","article-title":"Generation of RNAi plasmid corresponding to m2l1 gene (ID 149958) belonging to myosin class II in fungus Mucor circinelloides","author":"Le","year":"2020"},{"key":"B39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Construction of RNAi plasmid to inhibit the expression of M2l2 gene (ID 136314) belonging to the myosin class II in fungus mucor circinelloides","author":"Le","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Genet. Application no. Special Issue Fungi Biotechnol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002086","article-title":"Sporangiospore size dimorphism is linked to virulence of mucor circinelloides","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PPAT.1004842","article-title":"Fob1 and Fob2 proteins are virulence determinants of rhizopus oryzae via facilitating iron uptake from ferrioxamine","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44527","article-title":"Evolution of the chitin synthase gene family correlates with fungal morphogenesis and adaption to ecological niches","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2018.1435249","article-title":"Understanding mucor circinelloides pathogenesis by comparative genomics and phenotypical studies","volume":"9","author":"L\u00f3pez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JMB.2007.05.080","article-title":"Evidence for an interaction between the SH3 domain and the n-terminal extension of the essential light chain in class II myosins","volume":"371","author":"Lowey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2003.02098.x","article-title":"Characterization of the mucor circinelloides life cycle by on-line image analysis","volume":"95","author":"Lubbehusen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/BIES.950180304","article-title":"Myosin II function in non-muscle cells","volume":"18","author":"Maciver","year":"1996","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1093\/MOLBEV\/MSR264","article-title":"Emergent complexity in myosin V\u2013based organelle inheritance","volume":"29","author":"Mast","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1083\/JCB.128.4.577","article-title":"MyoA of aspergillus nidulans encodes an essential myosin I required for secretion and polarized growth","volume":"128","author":"McGoldrick","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1242\/JCS.186403","article-title":"Myosin-I molecular motors at a glance","volume":"129","author":"McIntosh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1093\/GENETICS\/139.4.1533","article-title":"Ectopic integration of transforming DNA is rare among neurospora transformants selected for gene replacement","volume":"139","author":"Miao","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11046-021-00584-8","article-title":"Epidemiology and pathophysiology of COVID-19-Associated mucormycosis: India versus the rest of the world","volume":"186","author":"Muthu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26051-x","article-title":"Components of a new gene family of ferroxidases involved in virulence are functionally specialized in fungal dimorphism","volume":"8","author":"Navarro-Mendoza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1574-6968.2007.01044.X","article-title":"A RING-finger photocarotenogenic repressor involved in asexual sporulation in mucor circinelloides","volume":"280","author":"Nicol\u00e1s","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3983","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg384","article-title":"Two classes of small antisense RNAs in fungal RNA silencing triggered by non-integrative transgenes","volume":"22","author":"Nicol\u00e1s","year":"2003","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.1.2.213-228.2002","article-title":"Myosin I is required for hypha formation in candida albicans","volume":"1","author":"Oberholzer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eukaryotic Cell"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/GB-2007-8-9-R196\/FIGURES\/12","article-title":"Drawing the tree of eukaryotic life based on the analysis of 2,269 manually annotated myosins from 328 species","volume":"8","author":"Odronitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/SJ.EMBOJ.7600965","article-title":"Structural basis for myosin V discrimination between distinct cargoes","volume":"25","author":"Pashkova","year":"2006","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/S00294-017-0798-0","article-title":"Control of morphology and virulence by ADP-ribosylation factors (Arf) in mucor circinelloides","volume":"64","author":"Pati\u00f1o-Medina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Genet."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2019.04.011","article-title":"Role of arf-like proteins (Arl1 and Arl2) of mucor circinelloides in virulence and antifungal susceptibility","volume":"129","author":"Pati\u00f1o-Medina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2020.02.016","article-title":"Arf-like proteins (Arl1 and Arl2) are involved in mitochondrial homeostasis in mucor circinelloides","volume":"124","author":"Pati\u00f1o-Medina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fungal Biol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CEB.2009.11.010","article-title":"Mechanics of cytokinesis in eukaryotes","volume":"22","author":"Pollard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S1087-1845(02)00519-4","article-title":"CigA, a light-inducible gene involved in vegetative growth in mucor circinelloides is regulated by the carotenogenic repressor CrgA","volume":"38","author":"Quiles-Rosillo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FGB.2018.11.008","article-title":"The actin motor MYO-5 effect in the intracellular organization of neurospora crassa","volume":"125","author":"Ram\u00edrez-del Villar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.8316857","article-title":"Three-dimensional structure of myosin subfragment-1: A molecular motor","volume":"261","author":"Rayment","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jcs205955","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.205955","article-title":"The tail domain of the aspergillus fumigatus class V myosin MyoE orchestrates septal localization and hyphal growth","volume":"131","author":"Renshaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01190-15\/SUPPL_FILE\/ZII999091694SO4.PDF","article-title":"Distinct roles of myosins in aspergillus fumigatus hyphal growth and pathogenesis","volume":"84","author":"Renshaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infection Immun."},{"key":"B67","first-page":"55","article-title":"Distinct RNAi pathways in the regulation of physiology and development in the fungus mucor circinelloides","volume-title":"Advances in genetics","author":"Ruiz-V\u00e1zquez","year":"2015"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.361","article-title":"Myosin-5, kinesin-1 and myosin-17 cooperate in secretion of fungal chitin synthase","volume":"31","author":"Schuster","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1093\/GBE\/EVU013","article-title":"Evolution and classification of myosins, a paneukaryotic whole-genome approach","volume":"6","author":"Seb\u00e9-Pedr\u00f3s","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1093\/MMY\/MYX101","article-title":"Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis","volume":"56","author":"Skiada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Mycology"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/JOF6040265","article-title":"Epidemiology and diagnosis of mucormycosis: An update","volume":"6","author":"Skiada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60\u201370","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FGB.2013.02.010","article-title":"Type II myosin gene in fusarium graminearum is required for septation, development, mycotoxin biosynthesis and pathogenicity","volume":"54","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.3852\/16-042","article-title":"A phylum-level phylogenetic classification of zygomycete fungi based on genome-scale data","volume":"108","author":"Spatafora","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MIB.2011.09.013","article-title":"Motors in fungal morphogenesis: Cooperation versus competition","volume":"14","author":"Steinberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-38062-5_2\/FIGURES\/3","article-title":"Myosin structures","volume":"1239","author":"Sweeney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0031218","article-title":"The functions of myosin II and myosin V homologs in tip growth and septation in aspergillus nidulans","volume":"7","author":"Taheri-Talesh","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2958.2006.05030.X","article-title":"Aspergillus nidulans class V and VI chitin synthases CsmA and CsmB, each with a myosin motor-like domain, perform compensatory functions that are essential for hyphal tip growth","volume":"59","author":"Takeshita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5896","DOI":"10.1074\/JBC.RA119.007550\/ATTACHMENT\/7F3DBA5F-5F1F-44ED-B41F-1BD81442E6FC\/MMC1.PDF","article-title":"Structural mechanism for versatile cargo recognition by the yeast class V myosin Myo2","volume":"294","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1091\/MBC.E02-09-0558\/ASSET\/IMAGES\/LARGE\/MK0232115007.JPEG","article-title":"Direct evidence for a critical role of myosin II in budding yeast cytokinesis and the evolvability of new cytokinetic mechanisms in the absence of myosin II","volume":"14","author":"Tolliday","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FGB.2015.11.006","article-title":"RNAi pathways in mucor: A tale of proteins, small RNAs and functional diversity","volume":"90","author":"Torres-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PPAT.1006150","article-title":"RNAi-based functional genomics identifies new virulence determinants in mucormycosis","volume":"13","author":"Trieu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02949-19","article-title":"A novel resistance pathway for calcineurin inhibitors in the human-pathogenic mucorales mucor circinelloides","volume":"11","author":"Vellanki","year":"2020","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmc.53","article-title":"Mucor Circinelloides: Growth, maintenance, and genetic manipulation","volume":"49","author":"Vellanki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Microbiol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06133-11\/ASSET\/51E3B6C0-E859-46C3-9B49-4AD619E25F54\/ASSETS\/GRAPHIC\/ZJM9990912830002.JPEG","article-title":"Antifungal susceptibility and phylogeny of opportunistic members of the order mucorales","volume":"50","author":"Vitale","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3499","DOI":"10.1002\/J.1460-2075.1987.TB02675.X","article-title":"The yeast MYO1 gene encoding a myosin-like protein required for cell division","volume":"6","author":"Watts","year":"1987","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1105\/TPC.016246","article-title":"A class-V myosin required for mating, hyphal growth, and pathogenicity in the dimorphic plant pathogen ustilago maydis","volume":"15","author":"Weber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S13225-018-0409-5","article-title":"Notes for genera: Basal clades of fungi (Including aphelidiomycota, basidiobolomycota, blastocladiomycota, calcarisporiellomycota, caulochytriomycota, chytridiomycota, entomophthoromycota, glomeromycota, kickxellomycota, monoblepharomycota, mortierellomycota, mucoromycota, neocallimastigomycota, olpidiomycota, rozellomycota and zoopagomycota)","volume":"92","author":"Wijayawardene","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fungal Diversity"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1574-6968.2003.TB11518.X","article-title":"MYO2 is not essential for viability, but is required for polarized growth and dimorphic switches in candida albicans","volume":"218","author":"Woo","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555816636.CH16","article-title":"The cytoskeleton in filamentous fungi","author":"Xiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Filamentous Fungi"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2003.10.009","article-title":"Cytoskeleton and motor proteins in filamentous fungi","volume":"6","author":"Xiang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0028575","article-title":"Aspergillus myosin-V supports polarized growth in the absence of microtubule-based transport","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1031463\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T05:37:31Z","timestamp":1671169051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1031463\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1031463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1031463","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"article-number":"1031463"}}