{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:55:56Z","timestamp":1792130156472,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFD0900102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFD0900102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, the whole genome of the multidrug-resistant <jats:italic>Aeromonas hydrophila<\/jats:italic> MX16A was comprehensively analyzed and compared after sequencing by PacBio RS II.\u00a0To shed light on the drug resistance mechanism of <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic> MX16A, a\u00a0Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to assess the phenotypic drug susceptibility. Importantly, resistance against \u03b2-lactam, sulfonamides, rifamycins, macrolides, tetracyclines and chloramphenicols was largely consistent with the prediction analysis results of drug resistance genes in the CARD database.\u00a0The varied types of resistance genes identified from <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic> MX16A revealed multiple resistance mechanisms, including enzyme inactivation, gene mutation and active effusion.\u00a0The publicly available complete genomes of 35 <jats:italic>Aeromonas hydrophila<\/jats:italic> strains on NCBI, including MX16A, were downloaded for genomic comparison and analysis. The analysis of 33 genomes with ANI greater than 95% showed that the pan-genome consisted of 9556 genes, and the core genes converged to 3485 genes. In summary, the obtained results showed that <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic> exhibited a great genomic diversity as well as diverse metabolic function and it is believed that frequent exchanges between strains lead to the horizontal transfer of drug resistance genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1042350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T08:52:02Z","timestamp":1667465522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Comparative genomics analysis of the multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila MX16A providing insights into antibiotic resistance genes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenjie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjiao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinglong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaowei","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"677","article-title":"An enzyme from bacteria able to destroy penicillin","volume":"10","author":"Abraham","year":"1988","journal-title":"1940. 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