{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:24:57Z","timestamp":1792272297202,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by several species of intracellular protozoa of the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    that present manifestations ranging from cutaneous ulcers to the fatal visceral form\n                    <jats:italic>. Leishmania Viannia braziliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an important species associated with American tegumentary leishmaniasis and the main agent in Brazil, with variable sensitivity to available drugs. The search for new therapeutic alternatives to treat leishmaniasis is an urgent need, especially for endemic countries. Not only is quercetin well known for its antioxidant activity in radical scavenging but also several other biological effects are described, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and pro-oxidant activities. This study aimed to investigate the flavonoid quercetin\u2019s therapeutic potential in\n                    <jats:italic>L. (V.) braziliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Quercetin showed antiamastigote (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 21 \u00b1 2.5 \u00b5M) and antipromastigote (25 \u00b1 0.7 \u00b5M) activities and a selectivity index of 22. The treatment of uninfected or\n                    <jats:italic>L. (V.) braziliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013infected macrophages with quercetin increased reactive oxygen species (ROS)\/H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    0\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    generation without altering Nitric Oxide (NO) production. Oral treatment with quercetin of infected hamsters, starting at 1 week of infection for 8 weeks, reduced the lesion thickness (p &amp;gt; 0.01) and parasite load (p &amp;gt; 0.001). The results of this study suggest that the antiamastigote activity of the flavonoid quercetin\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    is associated, at least in part, with the modulation of ROS production by macrophages. The efficacy of oral quercetin treatment in hamsters infected with\n                    <jats:italic>L. (V.) braziliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    was presented for the first time and shows its promising therapeutic potential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1059168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:35:58Z","timestamp":1673570158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Therapeutic effect of oral quercetin in hamsters infected with Leishmania Viannia braziliensis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rosiane Freire dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thayssa","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9ia Carolinne de Souza","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Job Domingos","family":"In\u00e1cio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca Domingues","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michely Aparecida Polido","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Fonseca","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa Moreira","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elmo Eduardo","family":"Almeida-Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Maria Louren\u00e7o","family":"Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia Amaral Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5963","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S263013","article-title":"Biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and epigenetic effects of novel chitosan-based quercetin nanohydrogel in human cancer cells","volume":"15","author":"Abbaszadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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