{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:32:12Z","timestamp":1787243532587,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although \u03b3\u03b4 T cells play an essential role in immunity against\n                      <jats:italic>Human Immunodeficiency Virus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (HIV) or\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MTB), they are poorly described in HIV infection with tuberculosis (TB).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The phenotypic and functional properties of peripheral blood \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in patients with HIV\/TB co-infection were analyzed compared to healthy controls and patients with HIV mono-infection or TB by direct intracellular cytokine staining (ICS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The percentage of V\u03b4\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      subset in HIV\/TB group was significantly higher than that in TB group, while the decreased frequency of the V\u03b4\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and V\u03b3\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      V\u03b4\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      subsets were observed in HIV\/TB group than in TB group. The percentage of CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD8\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      V\u03b4\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      subset in HIV\/TB group was markedly lower than in TB group. However, the percentage of CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      V\u03b4\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      subset in HIV\/TB group was markedly higher than HIV group or TB group. A lower percentage TNF-\u03b1 and a higher percentage of IL-17A of V\u03b4\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      subset were observed in HIV\/TB group than that in HIV mono-infection. The percentage of perforin-producing V\u03b4\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      subset was significantly lower in HIV\/TB group than that in HIV group and TB group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data suggested that HIV\/TB co-infection altered the balance of \u03b3\u03b4 T cell subsets. The influence of HIV\/TB co-infection on the function of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells to produce cytokines was complicated, which will shed light on further investigations on the mechanisms of the immune response against HIV and\/or MTB infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1071880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:44:58Z","timestamp":1671756298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Phenotype and function of peripheral blood \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in HIV infection with tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shi","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanni","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songjie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Innate gamma\/delta T-cells during HIV infection: Terra relatively incognita in novel vaccination strategies","volume":"13","author":"Agrati","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS Rev."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199907300-00005","article-title":"Perforin is not co-expressed with granzyme a within cytotoxic granules in CD8 T lymphocytes present in lymphoid tissue during chronic HIV infection","volume":"13","author":"Andersson","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir460","article-title":"Outbreaks of mycobacterium tuberculosis MDR strains induce high IL-17 T-cell response in patients with MDR tuberculosis that is closely associated with high antigen load","volume":"204","author":"Basile","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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