{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T20:04:59Z","timestamp":1760385899117,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010877","name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ability of VITEK mass spectrometry (MS) in detection of bacterial resistance is currently under exploration and evaluation. In this study, we developed and validated a VITEK MS method to rapidly test carbapenemase-producing <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (CPKP). Solvents, antibiotic concentrations, crystal conditions and times, centrifugation speeds, and other factors were optimized to design a rapid sample pretreatment process for CPKP detection by VITEK MS. The related parameters of the mass spectrum were adjusted on the instrument to establish an CPKP detection mode. 133 clinically isolated strains of CPKP in the microbiology laboratory at the Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital from 2004 to 2017 were selected for accuracy evaluation. The fresh suspected strains from the microbiology laboratory in 2020 were used to complete the clinical verification. Two antibiotics, meropenem (MEM) and imipenem (IPM), were used as substrates. These two substrates were incubated with suspected CPKP, and the results were obtained by VITEK MS detection. Using this method, different types of CPKP showed different detection results and all the CPKP strains producing KPC-2 and IMP-4 carbapenemase were detected by VITEK MS. Thus, VITEK MS can be used for rapid detection of CPKP, especially for some common types of CPKP. This method provides high accuracy and speed of detection. Combined with its cost advantages, it can be intensely valuable in clinical microbiology laboratories after the standard operating procedures are determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.761328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T06:23:36Z","timestamp":1644560616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Methodology Establishment and Application of VITEK Mass Spectrometry to Detect Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Haoyun","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinsong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuemei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jine","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2019.1682658","article-title":"Rapid Detection of Antibiotic Resistance in Positive Blood Cultures by MALDI-TOF MS and an Automated and Optimized MBT-ASTRA Protocol for Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae","volume":"52","author":"Axelsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. (Auckl)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.03.003","article-title":"Comparison of Five Methods for Detection of Carbapenemases in Enterobacterales With Proposal of a New Algorithm","volume":"25","author":"Baeza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1093\/JAC\/DKAA043","article-title":"Comparison of Two Multiplex Immunochromatographic Assays for the Rapid Detection of Major Carbapenemases in Enterobacterales","volume":"75","author":"Bogaerts","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.10.027","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Classification Using MALDI-TOF-MS is Not That Easy: Lessons From Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Faecium","volume":"26","author":"Brackmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00287-11","article-title":"Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry to Detect Carbapenem Resistance Within 1 to 2.5 Hours","volume":"49","author":"Burckhardt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0174908","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174908","article-title":"Evaluation of a Modified Meropenem Hydrolysis Assay on a Large Cohort of KPC and VIM Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"12","author":"Calderaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000102","article-title":"Detection of Carbapenemase Activity Using VITEK MS: Interplay of Carbapenemase Type and Period of Incubation","volume":"64","author":"Carvalhaes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000831","article-title":"Evaluation of Rapid KPC Carbapenemase Detection Method Based on MALDI-TOF VITEK MS Spectra Analysis","volume":"67","author":"Centonze","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"Annual Report of the China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveilance Report in 2019China Antimicrob. Resist. Surveilance Syst2020"},{"year":"2019","key":"B10"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02854","article-title":"A Full MALDI-Based Approach to Detect Plasmid-Encoded KPC-Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae","volume":"9","author":"Cordovana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00013","article-title":"Rapid Detection of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC \u03b2-Lactamases in Enterobacterales: Development of a Screening Panel Using the MALDI-TOF MS-Based Direct-on-Target Microdroplet Growth Assay","volume":"10","author":"Correa-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01141","article-title":"Detection of Colistin Resistance in Salmonella Enterica Using MALDIxin Test on the Routine MALDI Biotyper Sirius Mass Spectrometer","volume":"11","author":"Dortet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3359","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky330","article-title":"Rapid Detection and Discrimination of Chromosome-And MCR-Plasmid-Mediated Resistance to Polymyxins by MALDI-TOF MS in Escherichia Coli: The MALDIxin Test","volume":"73","author":"Dortet","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00238-21","article-title":"Occurrence of the P019 Gene in the Bla KPC -Harbouring Plasmids: Adverse Clinical Impact for Direct Tracking of KPC-Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae by MALDI-TOF MS","volume":"59","author":"Gato","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-021-03189-8","article-title":"Applications of Stable Isotopes in MALDI Imaging: Current Approaches and an Eye on the Future","volume":"413","author":"Grey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal Chem."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2918","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01000-12","article-title":"Use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry to Identify Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Investigate the Epidemiology of an Outbreak","volume":"50","author":"Griffin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.609856","article-title":"Evaluation of the Immunochromatographic NG-Test Carba 5, RESIST-5 O.O.K.N.V., and IMP K-SeT for Rapid Detection of KPC-, NDM-, IMP-, VIM-Type, and OXA-48-Like Carbapenemase Among Enterobacterales","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3523","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky342","article-title":"Evaluation of the NG-Test CARBA 5 Multiplex Immunochromatographic Assay for the Detection of KPC, OXA-48-Like, NDM, VIM and IMP Carbapenemases","volume":"73","author":"Hopkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115093","article-title":"Rapid Qualitative Antibiotic Resistance Characterization Using VITEK MS","volume":"97","author":"Horseman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2014.07.016","article-title":"Rapid Detection and Identification of Strains Carrying Carbapenemases Directly From Positive Blood Cultures Using MALDI-TOF MS","volume":"105","author":"Hoyos-Mallecot","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01002-12","article-title":"Detection of NDM-1, VIM-1, KPC, OXA-48, and OXA-162 Carbapenemases by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry","volume":"50","author":"Hrab\u00e1k","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00984-11","article-title":"Carbapenemase Activity Detection by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry","volume":"49","author":"Hrab\u00e1k","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228459","article-title":"Detection of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae on the Basis of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry by Using Supervised Machine Learning Approach","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.16718\/j.1009-7708.2020.03.001","article-title":"CHINET Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance Across Tertiary Hospitals in 2019","volume":"20","author":"HU","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2019.03.019","article-title":"Detection of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Using the MALDI Biotyper Selective Testing of Antibiotic Resistance\u2013\u03b2-Lactamase (MBT STAR-BL) Assay","volume":"160","author":"Kawamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8040214","article-title":"Rapid Discrimination of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus by MALDI-TOF MS","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4075","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02121-14","article-title":"Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae by Use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry and the Carba NP Test","volume":"52","author":"Knox","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2014.02.015","article-title":"Insufficient Discriminatory Power of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry for Typing of Enterococcus Faecium and Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates","volume":"100","author":"Lasch","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03467-14","article-title":"Efficient Detection of Carbapenemase Activity in Enterobacteriaceae by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry in Less Than 30 Minutes","volume":"53","author":"Lasserre","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b02611","article-title":"Rapid Microbial Identification and Antibiotic Resistance Detection by Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Membrane Lipids","volume":"91","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S211984","article-title":"Evaluation of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption\/ Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Identifying VIM-And SPM-Type Metallo-\u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Clinical Isolates","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2404.171377","article-title":"Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Enterobacteriaceae Producing Oxacillinase-48-Like Carbapenemases, United States","volume":"24","author":"Lutgring","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw208","article-title":"Evaluation of Different Pretreatment Protocols to Detect Accurately Clinical Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae by MALDI-TOF","volume":"71","author":"Monteferrante","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03620-0","article-title":"Detection of Carbapenemase Producers by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF Ms)","volume":"38","author":"Neonakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1710.110655","article-title":"Global Spread of Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"17","author":"Nordmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.09.013","article-title":"Rapid Detection Method of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae by MALDI-TOF MS With Imipenem\/Cilastatin (KB) Disc and Zinc Sulfate Solution","volume":"27","author":"Oho","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00037-18","article-title":"Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization\u2013Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for the Rapid Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms and Beyond","volume":"32","author":"Ovia\u00f1o","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12729","article-title":"Rapid Detection of Enterobacteriaceae Producing Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Directly From Positive Blood Cultures by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry","volume":"20","author":"Ovia\u00f1o","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx127","article-title":"Towards the Early Detection of \u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae by MALDI-TOF MS Analysis","volume":"72","author":"Ovia\u00f1o","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-020-00799-0","article-title":"Insufficient Repeatability and Reproducibility of MALDI-TOF MS-Based Identification of MRSA","volume":"65","author":"Paskova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol. (Praha)"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9050089","article-title":"Next-Generation Sequencing and Maldi Mass Spectrometry in the Study of Multiresistant Processed Meat Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE)","volume":"9","author":"Saben\u00e7a","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. (Basel)"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2014.07.004","article-title":"Rapid, Sensitive and Specific Detection of OXA-48-Like-Producing Enterobacteriaceae by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption\/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry","volume":"105","author":"Sauget","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3741","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01536-13","article-title":"Maldi Biotyper-Based Rapid Resistance Detection by Stable-Isotope Labeling","volume":"51","author":"Sparbier","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05737-11","article-title":"Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based Functional Assay for Rapid Detection of Resistance Against \u03b2-Lactam Antibiotics","volume":"50","author":"Sparbier","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02393","article-title":"Rapid Detection of Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus Aureusbased on Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight: Using a Machine Learning Approach and Unbiased Validation","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaa138","article-title":"A Large-Scale Investigation and Identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Based on Peaks Binning of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight MS Spectra","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S305280","article-title":"A Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test for Klebsiella Pneumoniae Using a Broth Micro-Dilution Combined With Maldi Tof Ms","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1009","article-title":"Evaluation the Effect of MALDI\u2043TOF MS on the Detection of Carbapenemase Produced Byenterobacteriaceae","volume":"42","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Lab. Med."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-017-0191-3","article-title":"Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mortality of Patients Infected With Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-021-02309-9","article-title":"Application of a Multiplex Immunochromatographic Assay for Rapid Identification of Carbapenemases in a Clinical Microbiology Laboratory: Performance and Turn-Around-Time Evaluation of NG-Test Carba 5","volume":"21","author":"Yoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b05080","article-title":"MALDI-TOF Characterization of Protein Expression Mutation During Morphological Changes of Bacteria Under the Impact of Antibiotics","volume":"91","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.761328\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T06:23:41Z","timestamp":1644560621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.761328\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2022.761328"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.761328","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2235-2988"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]]},"article-number":"761328"}}