{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T21:19:17Z","timestamp":1778879957393,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance Code 001, 88881.131934\/2016-01, 88881.311776\/2018-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001, 88881.131934\/2016-01, 88881.311776\/2018-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004809","name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since its emergence in the beginning of the 90\u2019s, multidrug-resistant (MDR) <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> subsp<jats:italic>. enterica<\/jats:italic> serovar Kentucky has become a significant public health problem, especially in East Africa. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile and the genotypic relatedness of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Kentucky isolated from animal sources in Ethiopia and Kenya (n=19). We also investigated population evolutionary dynamics through phylogenetic and pangenome analyses with additional publicly available <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Kentucky ST198 genomes (n=229). All the 19 sequenced <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Kentucky isolates were identified as ST198. Among these isolates, the predominant genotypic antimicrobial resistance profile observed in ten (59.7%) isolates included the <jats:italic>aac(3)-Id<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>aadA7<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>strA<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>strB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM-1B<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>(A) genes, which mediated resistance to gentamicin, streptomycin\/spectinomycin, streptomycin, ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline, respectively; and <jats:italic>gyr<\/jats:italic>A and <jats:italic>par<\/jats:italic>C mutations associated to ciprofloxacin resistance. Four isolates harbored plasmid types Incl1 and\/or Col8282; two of them carried both plasmids. <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Pathogenicity islands (SPI-1 to SPI-5) were highly conserved in the 19 sequenced <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Kentucky isolates. Moreover, at least one Pathogenicity Island (SPI 1\u20134, SPI 9 or C63PI) was identified among the 229 public <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Kentucky genomes. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that almost all <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Kentucky ST198 isolates (17\/19) stemmed from a single strain that has accumulated ciprofloxacin resistance-mediating mutations. A total of 8,104 different genes were identified in a heterogenic and still open <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Kentucky ST198 pangenome. Considering the virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes detected in <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Kentucky, the implications of this pathogen to public health and the epidemiological drivers for its dissemination must be investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.772829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T05:38:32Z","timestamp":1655703512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Genomic and Evolutionary Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky Sequence Type 198 Isolated From Livestock In East Africa"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mauro de Mesquita Sousa","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valdinete Pereira","family":"Benevides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N\u00fabia Michelle Vieira da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro de Mello","family":"Varani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliveiro Caetano de","family":"Freitas Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"\u00c2ngelo","family":"Berchieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique Jes\u00fas","family":"Delgado-Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan Douglas de Lima","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadesse","family":"Eguale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet Agnes","family":"Munyalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Kariuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wondwossen Abebe","family":"Gebreyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celso Jos\u00e9 Bruno de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814001708","article-title":"Occurrence, Genetic Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolated From Chicken Meat and Giblets","volume":"143","author":"Abd-Elghany","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-402","article-title":"BLAST Ring Image Generator (BRIG): Simple Prokaryote Genome Comparisons","volume":"12","author":"Alikhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"AndrewsS.\n          FastQC: A Quality Control Tool for High Throughput Sequence Data2010"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","article-title":"SPAdes: A New Genome Assembly Algorithm and Its Applications to Single-Cell Sequencing","volume":"19","author":"Bankevich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comput. Biol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.181.3.998-1004.1999","article-title":"The SPI-3 Pathogenicity Island of Salmonella Enterica","volume":"181","author":"Blanc-Potard","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: A Flexible Trimmer for Illumina Sequence Data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"02412","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02412-14","article-title":"In Silico Detection and Typing of Plasmids Using PlasmidFinder and Plasmid Multilocus Sequence Typing","volume":"58","author":"Carattoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Approved Standards \u2013 Twenty-Eighth CLSI Document M100-S28","year":"2018"},{"key":"B9","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated From Animals; Approved Standards","year":"2020"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00549","article-title":"Systematic Evaluation of Whole Genome Sequence-Based Predictions of Salmonella Serotype and Antimicrobial Resistance","volume":"11","author":"Cooper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9864","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28169-4","article-title":"Whole Genome Sequencing Reveals Widespread Distribution of Typhoidal Toxin Genes and VirB\/D4 Plasmids in Bovine-Associated Nontyphoidal Salmonella","volume":"8","author":"Delgado-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128773","article-title":"Genomic Comparison of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Enterica Serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, Hadar and Kentucky Isolates From Broiler Chickens","volume":"10","author":"Dhanani","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3745","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00525-08","article-title":"Novel Insertion Sequence-and Transposon-Mediated Genetic Rearrangements in Genomic Island SGI1 of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Kentucky","volume":"52","author":"Doublet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4012","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.10.4012-4015.2004","article-title":"Prevalence of Mutations Within the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Region of Gyra, Gyrb, Parc, and parE and Association With Antibiotic Resistance in Quinolone-Resistant Salmonella Enterica","volume":"48","author":"Eaves","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci5020040","article-title":"Resistance to Carbapenems in Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Enterica Serovars From Humans, Animals and Food","volume":"5","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2015.03.008","article-title":"Molecular Identification of Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes in Clinical Isolates of Escherichia Coli Resistant to Amoxicillin\/Clavulanic Acid Isolated in Spain","volume":"42","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents."},{"key":"B17","volume-title":"The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System: NARMS Integrated Report, 2015","year":"2017"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200208160-00009","article-title":"Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Bacteraemia Among HIV-Infected Malawian Adults: High Mortality and Frequent Recrudescence","volume":"16","author":"Gordon","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02460","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02460-19","article-title":"Overexpression of RamA, Which Regulates Production of the Multidrug Resistance Efflux Pump AcrAB-TolC, Increases Mutation Rate and Influences Drug Resistance Phenotype","volume":"64","author":"Grimsey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12571","article-title":"Salmonella Enterica Serovar Kentucky Recovered From Human Clinical Cases in Maryland, UsA, (2011\u20132015)","volume":"66","author":"Haley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000269","article-title":"Global Phylogenomics of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serotype Kentucky St198","volume":"5","author":"Hawkey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2004.06.025","article-title":"Evolution of Pathogenicity Islands of Salmonella Enterica","volume":"294","author":"Hensel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2014.07.004","article-title":"Supplement 2008-2010 (N. 48) to the White-KauffannLe Minor Scheme. Res","volume":"165","author":"Issenhuth-Jeanjean","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2019.504-521","article-title":"A Review of Salmonella Enterica With Particular Focus on the Pathogenicity and Virulence Factors, Host Specificity and Antimicrobial Resistance Including Multidrug Resistance","volume":"12","author":"Jajere","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. World."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2011.07.003","article-title":"Comparative Genomics and Phylogeny of the IncI1 Plasmids: A Common Plasmid Type Among Porcine Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli","volume":"66","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-0697-x","article-title":"Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Food-Producing Animals and the Environment: An African Perspective","volume":"9","author":"Kimera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2007.00871.x","article-title":"Contribution of SPI-4 Genes to the Virulence of Salmonella Enterica. FEMS Microbiol","volume":"275","author":"Kiss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lett"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06094-11","article-title":"Multilocus Sequence Typing of Total-Genome-Sequenced Bacteria","volume":"50","author":"Larsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Micobiol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir409","article-title":"International Spread of an Epidemic Population of Salmonella Enterica Serotype Kentucky ST198 Resistant to Ciprofloxacin","volume":"204","author":"Le Hello","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5096","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00732-12","article-title":"Early Strains of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovar Kentucky Sequence Type 198 From Southeast Asia Harbor Salmonella Genomic Island 1-J Variants With a Novel Insertion Sequence","volume":"56","author":"Le Hello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother."},{"key":"B31","first-page":"155","article-title":"Phylogeny-Aware Alignment With PRANK","volume-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology","author":"L\u00f6ytynoja","year":"2014"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000275","article-title":"Endemic Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovar Kentucky ST198 in Northern India","volume":"5","author":"Mahindroo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2014.1825","article-title":"Resistance to Sulfonamides and Dissemination of Sul Genes Among Salmonella Spp. Isolated From Food in Poland","volume":"12","author":"Maka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-017-1290-z","article-title":"Assessment of Antibiotic Use in Farm Animals in Rwanda","volume":"49","author":"Manishimwe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.7.2348-2358.2001","article-title":"Salmonella Host Cell Invasion Emerged by Acquisition of a Mosaic of Separate Genetic Elements, Including Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI1), SPI5, and Sope2","volume":"183","author":"Mirold","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B36","unstructured":"2020"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3537","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S211618","article-title":"Molecular Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Isolated From Livestock Production Systems in South Africa","volume":"12","author":"Mthembu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00592","article-title":"Prediction of Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles From Whole Genome Sequences of non-Typhoidal Salmonella Enterica. Front","volume":"9","author":"Neuert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202286","article-title":"Hotspot Mutations and ColE1 Plasmids Contribute to the Fitness of Salmonella Heidelberg in Poultry Litter","volume":"13","author":"Oladeinde","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv421","article-title":"Roary: Rapid Large-Scale Prokaryote Pan Genome Analysis","volume":"31","author":"Page","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2019.12.014","article-title":"Traveller-Associated High-Level Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovar Kentucky in the Republic of Korea","volume":"22","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msn083","article-title":"Jmodeltest: Phylogenetic Model Averaging","volume":"25","author":"Posada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ID 787934","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/787934","article-title":"Impact of Salmonella Enterica Type III Secretion System Effectors on the Eukaryotic Host Cell","volume":"6","author":"Ramos-Morales","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005551","article-title":"Characterization of MgtC, a Virulence Factor of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi","volume":"4","author":"Retamal","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009394","article-title":"Modified Intracellular-Associated Phenotypes in a Recombinant Salmonella Typhi Expressing S. Typhimurium SPI-3 Sequences","volume":"5","author":"Retamal","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-138-7-1345","article-title":"A Survey of Col Plasmids in Natural Isolates of Escherichia Coli and an Investigation Into the Stability of Col-Plasmid Lineages","volume":"138","author":"Riley","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2017.09.006","article-title":"Inactivation of phoPQ Genes Attenuates Salmonella Gallinarum Biovar Gallinarum to Susceptible Chickens","volume":"49","author":"Rodrigues Alves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00009","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00009-16","article-title":"Is the Evolution of Salmonella Enterica Subsp. Enterica Linked to Restriction-Modification Systems","volume":"1","author":"Roer","year":"2016","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-268","article-title":"Virulence Potential of Five Major Pathogenicity Islands (SPI-1 to SPI-5) of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis for Chickens","volume":"9","author":"Rychlik","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msg074","article-title":"Determining the Limits of the Evolutionary Potential of an Antibiotic Resistance Gene","volume":"20","author":"Salipante","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","article-title":"Prokka: Rapid Prokaryotic Genome Annotation","volume":"30","author":"Seemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02417-13","article-title":"OXA-48 Carbapenemase-Producing Salmonella Enterica Serovar Kentucky Isolate of Sequence Type 198 in a Patient Transferred From Libya to Switzerland","volume":"58","author":"Seiffert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew342","article-title":"Population Dynamics and Antimicrobial Resistance of the Mostprevalent Poultry-Associated Salmonella Serotypes","volume":"96","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000725","article-title":"Genomic Diversity of Antimicrobial Resistance in non-Typhoidal Salmonella in Victoria, Australia","volume":"7","author":"Sia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5357","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05006-14","article-title":"Characterization of Epidemic IncI1-I\u03b3 Plasmids Harboring Ambler Class A and C Genes in Escherichia Coli and Salmonella Enterica From Animals and Humans","volume":"59","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033","article-title":"RAxML Version 8: A Tool for Phylogenetic Analysis and Post-Analysis of Large Phylogenies","volume":"30","author":"Stamatakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02140","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02140-16","article-title":"Establishing Genotypic Cutoff Values to Measure Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella. Antimicrob","volume":"61","author":"Tyson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B58","unstructured":"2020"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fny142","article-title":"Autotransporter MisL of Salmonella Enterica Serotype Typhimurium Facilitates Bacterial Aggregation and Biofilm Formation","volume":"365","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1210.060589","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella Kentucky in Travelers","volume":"12","author":"Weill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B61","unstructured":"Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance2015"},{"key":"B62","unstructured":"Salmonella (non-Typhoidal) - Key Facts2018"},{"key":"B63","unstructured":"Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine: Ranking of Antimicrobial Agents for Risk Management of Antimicrobial Resistance Due to non-Human Use2019"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks261","article-title":"Identification of Acquired Antimicrobial Resistance Genes","volume":"67","author":"Zankari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2018.09.007","article-title":"An IncX1 Plasmid Isolated From Salmonella Enterica Subsp. Enterica Serovar Pullorum Carrying blaTEM-1B, Sul2, Arsenic Resistant Operons","volume":"100","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.251678.119","article-title":"The EnteroBase User's Guide, With Case Studies on Salmonella Transmissions, Yersinia Pestis Phylogeny, and Escherichia Core Genomic Diversity","volume":"30","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.1396","article-title":"Microarray Analysis of Virulence Gene Profiles in Salmonella Serovars From the Food\/Food Animal Environment","volume":"5","author":"Zou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.772829\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T05:38:45Z","timestamp":1655703525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.772829\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2022.772829"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.772829","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"article-number":"772829"}}