{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T02:13:03Z","timestamp":1772244783147,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010221","name":"Higher Education Commision, Pakistan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010221","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    SARS-CoV-2 is a causative agent for COVID-19 disease, initially reported from Wuhan, China. The infected patients experienced mild to severe symptoms, resulting in several fatalities due to a weak understanding of its pathogenesis, which is the same even to date. This cross-sectional study has been designed on 452 symptomatic mild-to-moderate and severe\/critical patients to understand the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with their comorbidities and response to treatment. The mean age of the studied patients was 58 \u00b1 14.42 years, and the overall male to female ratio was 61.7 to 38.2%, respectively. In total, 27.3% of the patients had a history of exposure, and 11.9% had a travel history, while for 60% of patients, the source of infection was unknown. The most prevalent signs and symptoms in ICU patients were dry cough, myalgia, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal discomfort, and abnormal chest X-ray (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.001), along with a high percentage of hypertension (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.007) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.029) as leading comorbidities. The complete blood count indicators were significantly disturbed in severe patients, while the coagulation profile and D-dimer values were significantly higher in mild-to-moderate (non-ICU) patients (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.001). The serum creatinine (1.22 \u03bcmol L\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.016) and lactate dehydrogenase (619 \u03bcmol L\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.001) indicators were significantly high in non-ICU patients, while raised values of total bilirubin (0.91 \u03bcmol L\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.054), C-reactive protein (84.68 mg L\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.001), and ferritin (996.81 mg L\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.001) were found in ICU patients. The drug dexamethasone was the leading prescribed and administrated medicine to COVID-19 patients, followed by remdesivir, meropenem, heparin, and tocilizumab, respectively. A characteristic pattern of ground glass opacities, consolidation, and interlobular septal thickening was prominent in severely infected patients. These findings could be used for future research, control, and prevention of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.800511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T06:11:34Z","timestamp":1654236694000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiology, Clinico-Pathological Characteristics, and Comorbidities of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Pakistani Patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Saadia","family":"Omer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehrunnisa Fatima","family":"Gondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Usman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Bilal","family":"Sarwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Roman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alam","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadeem","family":"Afzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanveer Ahmed","family":"Qaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Yasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faheem","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romeeza","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Ayub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javed","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raja Muhammad","family":"Faizan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Asif","family":"Naveed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shah","family":"Jahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.068","article-title":"Evidence for Significant COVID-19 Community Transmission in Somalia Using a Clinical Case Definition","volume":"98","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s43055-021-00484-3","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 Pneumonia Lung Fibrosis: A Worrisome Sequelae in Surviving Patients","volume":"52","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Egypt J. Radiol. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-020-00462-x","article-title":"Clinical, Epidemiological, and Laboratory Characteristics of Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia: An Observational Cohort Study","volume":"25","author":"Al Mutair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03151-z","article-title":"Age-Severity Matched Cytokine Profiling Reveals Specific Signatures in Covid-19 Patients","volume":"11","author":"Angioni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02134-3","article-title":"COVID-19 Update: Covid-19-Associated Coagulopathy","volume":"50","author":"Becker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Thrombolysis"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2007764","article-title":"Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 \u2014 Final Report","volume":"383","author":"Beigel","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa326","article-title":"Antibiotic Use in Patients With COVID-19: A \u201cSnapshot\u201d Infectious Diseases International Research Initiative (ID-IRI) Survey","volume":"75","author":"Beovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200463","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200463","article-title":"Chest CT Findings in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Relationship to Duration of Infection","volume":"295","author":"Bernheim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30287-5","article-title":"Epidemiology and Transmission of COVID-19 in 391 Cases and 1286 of their Close Contacts in Shenzhen, China: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","volume":"8","author":"Bi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01200-3","article-title":"COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy: Experimental Chest X-Ray Scoring System for Quantifying and Monitoring Disease Progression","volume":"125","author":"Borghesi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.314515","article-title":"Covid-19 and Respiratory System Disorders Current Knowledge, Future Clinical and Translational Research Questions","volume":"40","author":"Brosnahan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-020-00341-w","article-title":"Coronavirus: Why Men are More Vulnerable to Covid-19 Than Women","volume":"2","author":"Bwire","year":"2020","journal-title":"SN Compr. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-021-10087-9","article-title":"COVID-19 and Myocarditis: A Systematic Review and Overview of Current Challenges","volume":"27","author":"Castiello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.08.015","article-title":"Asymptomatic Carriers of COVID-19 in a Confined Adult Community Population in Quebec: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"49","author":"Cloutier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Infection Control"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-020-00586-4","article-title":"Severity and Mortality of COVID 19 in Patients With Diabetes, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"12","author":"De Almeida-Pititto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndrome"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2778","article-title":"Chest X-Rays Findings in Covid 19 Patients at a University Teaching Hospital-A Descriptive Study","volume":"36","author":"Durrani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pakistan J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06561","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Disease Severity and Mortality of COVID-19 Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in Kazakhstan: A Nationwide Study","volume":"7","author":"Dyusupova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.07.014","article-title":"COVID-19 and Comorbidities: Deleterious Impact on Infected Patients","volume":"13","author":"Ejaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Discussion and Recommendations for the Application of Procalcitonin to the Evaluation and Management of Suspected Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and Sepsis","volume-title":"FDA Executive Summary","author":"Gaithersburg","year":"2016"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2020.01047","article-title":"Breakthrough: Chloroquine Phosphate has Shown Apparent Efficacy in Treatment of COVID-19 Associated Pneumonia in Clinical Studies","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci. Trends"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00335.2020","article-title":"Let\u2019s Talk About Sex in the Context of COVID-19","volume":"128","author":"Gargaglioni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30444-7","article-title":"COVID-19 Pneumonia and the Appropriate Use of Antibiotics","volume":"8","author":"Ginsburg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3433","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S276692","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of COPD Patients Hospitalized With SARS-CoV-2","volume":"15","author":"G\u00f3mez Ant\u00fanez","year":"2021","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"B24","volume-title":"Punjab Development Statistics 2017","year":"2017"},{"key":"B25","unstructured":"Punjab, PakistanBureau of StatisticsPakistan Cases Details2021"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01307","article-title":"The Potential Role of Heparin in Patients With COVID-19: Beyond the Anticoagulant Effect. A Review","volume":"11","author":"Gozzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234765","article-title":"The Prevalence of Symptoms in 24,410 Adults Infected by the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 148 Studies From 9 Countries","volume":"15","author":"Grant","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e474","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30173-9","article-title":"Tocilizumab in Patients With Severe COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"2","author":"Guaraldi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.061088","article-title":"Pathology and Pathogenesis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome","volume":"170","author":"Gu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E177","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021203153","article-title":"Six-Month Follow-Up Chest CT Findings After Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia","volume":"299","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.48991","article-title":"Covid-19: Insight Into the Asymptomatic Sars-Cov-2 Infection and Transmission","volume":"16","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.632965","article-title":"Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Hospitalized Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: Case Series Study From the First COVID-19 Center in the UAE","volume":"11","author":"Hannawi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infection Microbiol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26326","article-title":"Proportion of Asymptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"93","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105980","article-title":"Diagnostic Performance Between CT and Initial Real-Time RT-PCR for Clinically Suspected 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Patients Outside Wuhan, China","volume":"168","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.04.034","article-title":"The Relative Transmissibility of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infections Among Close Contacts","volume":"94","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30271-0","article-title":"Risk Factors for COVID-19-Related Mortality in People With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in England: A Population-Based Cohort Study","volume":"8","author":"Holman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MRA.01151-20","article-title":"Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of a SARS-CoV-2 Strain Isolated in Gilgit, Pakistan","volume":"10","author":"Javed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol. Resour Announc"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2021.03.007","article-title":"Clinical and Hematologic Presentations of Adults With COVID-19 Patients in Jeddah: A Case Control Study","volume":"14","author":"Kamel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s41649-020-00139-x","article-title":"COVID-19 and Its Challenges for the Healthcare System in Pakistan","volume":"12","author":"Khalid","year":"2020","journal-title":"ABR"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029620962853","article-title":"COVID-19 and Hypercoagulability: A Review","volume":"26","author":"Kichloo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2021.03.016","article-title":"COVID-19 Risk Perceptions, Worries and Preventive Behaviors in Patients With Previous Pulmonary Embolism","volume":"202","author":"Kirchberger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001377","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01377-2020","article-title":"Added Value of Chest Computed Tomography in Suspected COVID-19: An Analysis of 239 Patients","volume":"56","author":"Korevaar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13089","article-title":"Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of 1420 European Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019","volume":"288","author":"Lechien","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Internal Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02108-2020","article-title":"COVID-19 and COPD","volume":"56","author":"Leung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25678","article-title":"Outbreak of Pneumonia of Unknown Etiology in Wuhan, China: The Mystery and the Miracle","volume":"92","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.36233\/0507-4088-2020-65-2-62-70","article-title":"Source of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Ecology and Genetics of Coronaviruses (Betacoronavirus: Coronaviridae) SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 (Subgenus Sarbecovirus), and MERS-CoV (Subgenus Merbecovirus)","volume":"65","author":"Lvov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vopr. Virusol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2019.PA4547","article-title":"Sporadic Coronavirus Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults: Chest CT Imaging Features and Comparison With Other Viruses","volume":"54","author":"Marinari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.10.002","article-title":"The Role of Close Contacts of COVID-19 Patients in the SARS-CoV-2 Transmission: An Emphasis on the Percentage of Nonevaluated Positivity in Mexico","volume":"49","author":"Martinez-Fierro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Infection Control"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.582932","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Comprehensive Review of Clinical Presentation","volume":"8","author":"Mehta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001811","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01811-2020","article-title":"Elevated D-Dimers and Lack of Anticoagulation Predict PE in Severe COVID-19 Patients","volume":"56","author":"Mouhat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9959","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103344","article-title":"Why Does COVID-19 Disproportionately Affect Older People","volume":"12","author":"Mueller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9959","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103344","article-title":"Why Does COVID-19 Disproportionately Affect Older People","volume":"12","author":"Mueller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31646\/gbio.73","article-title":"Evaluation of the COVID-19 Laboratory-Based Surveillance System in Islamabad-Pakistan 2020","volume":"2","author":"Mushtaq","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Biosecur."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.573431","article-title":"Epidemic Spread and Its Management Through Governance and Leadership Response Influencing the Arising Challenges Around COVID-19 in Pakistan\u2014A Lesson Learnt for Low Income Countries With Limited Resource","volume":"8","author":"Nawaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"B55","volume-title":"National Command and Operation Center, Goverment of Islamic Republic Pakistan Islamabad.","year":"2021"},{"key":"B56","volume-title":"Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)\/Guidelines","year":"2021"},{"key":"B57","article-title":"Pakistan Cases Details (National Command and Operation Center)","year":"2022"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04486-3","article-title":"The Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19: A Review Article","volume":"41","author":"Niazkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31646\/gbio.63","article-title":"(COVID-19) Pandemic and Pakistan; Limitations and Gaps","volume":"2","author":"Noreen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Limitations Gaps. Global Biosecur."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-020-01352-y","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Will Continue to Circulate in the Human Population: An Opinion From the Point of View of the Virus-Host Relationship","volume":"69","author":"Oberemok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3306","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06731-x","article-title":"Initial CT Findings and Temporal Changes in Patients With the Novel Coronavirus Pneumoni","volume":"30","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105996","article-title":"Severe Respiratory SARS-CoV2 Infection: Does ACE2 Receptor Matter","volume":"168","author":"Perrotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e238","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30484-9","article-title":"Comparing SARS-CoV-2 With SARS-CoV and Influenza Pandemics","volume":"20","author":"Petersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-020-00330-7","article-title":"Sex Differences in Severity and Mortality From COVID-19: Are Males More Vulnerable","volume":"11","author":"Pradhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Dif."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.10.005","article-title":"A Lung Cancer Patient With Dyspnea: Diagnostic Difficulties During the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"38","author":"Pruis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2020.105946","article-title":"A Dataset for Emotional Reactions and Family Resilience During COVID-19 Isolation Period Among Indonesian Families","volume":"31","author":"Ramadhana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6775","article-title":"Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area","volume":"323","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA - J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6697677","article-title":"Correlation Between Chest CT Severity Scores and the Clinical Parameters of Adult Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia","volume":"2021","author":"Saeed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"B69","first-page":"39","article-title":"Short-Term Dexamethasone in Sars-CoV-2 Patients","volume":"103","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhode Island Med. J. (2013)"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2020.02.008","article-title":"COVID-19: Epidemiology, Evolution, and Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives","volume":"26","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25735","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Single Arm Meta-Analysis","volume":"92","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.12.035","article-title":"Role of Hematological Parameters in the Stratification of COVID-19 Disease Severity","volume":"62","author":"Taj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.631335","article-title":"D-Dimer-Driven Anticoagulation Reduces Mortality in Intubated COVID-19 Patients: A Cohort Study With a Propensity-Matched Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Tassiopoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30309-0","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19 Disease Severity in Patients With Cancer in Wuhan, China: A Multicentre, Retrospective, Cohort Study","volume":"21","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16656","article-title":"COVID-19 and Seizures: Is There a Link","volume":"61","author":"Vohora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa153","article-title":"C-Reactive Protein Level may Predict the Risk of COVID-19 Aggravation","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09282-4","article-title":"Willingness and Beliefs Associated With Reporting Travel History to High-Risk Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic Regions Among the Chinese Public: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"20","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S269206","article-title":"Pain Symptoms in Patients With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Literature Review","volume":"14","author":"Weng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"B79","unstructured":"World Health OrganizationNaming the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and the Virus That Causes it2020"},{"key":"B80","volume-title":"WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard","year":"2021"},{"key":"B81","volume-title":"WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard","year":"2022"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000670","article-title":"Chest CT Findings in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Its Relationship With Clinical Features","volume":"55","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest. Radiol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104475","article-title":"Epidemiological and Clinical Features of 200 Hospitalized Patients With Corona Virus Disease 2019 Outside Wuhan, China: A Descriptive Study","volume":"129","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100096","article-title":"Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Virologic Features of COVID-19 Patients in Kazakhstan: A Nation-Wide Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"4","author":"Yegorov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Regional Health - Europe"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02105-8","article-title":"Difference of Coagulation Features Between Severe Pneumonia Induced by SARS-CoV2 and non-SARS-Cov2","volume":"51","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Thrombolysis"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03255-0","article-title":"Longitudinal Changes of Inflammatory Parameters and Their Correlation With Disease Severity and Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 From Wuhan, China","volume":"24","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A Pneumonia Outbreak Associated With a New Coronavirus of Probable Bat Origin","volume":"579","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.800511\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T02:22:34Z","timestamp":1654827754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.800511\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"references-count":87,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2022.800511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.800511","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.09.25.21264111","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"article-number":"800511"}}