{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:52:38Z","timestamp":1753890758775,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or non-RSV agents is a health-menacing lower respiratory tract (LRT) disease of infants. Whereas RSV causes more severe disease than other viral agents may, genus-dominant fecal microbiota profiles have been identified in US hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis. We investigated the fecal microbiota composition of infants admitted to an Italian hospital with acute RSV (25\/37 [67.6%]; group I) or non-RSV (12\/37 [32.4%]; group II) bronchiolitis, and the relationship of fecal microbiota characteristics with the clinical characteristics of infants. Group I and group II infants differed significantly (24\/25 [96.0%] versus 5\/12 [41.7%]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) regarding 90% oxygen saturation (SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), which is an increased respiratory effort hallmark. Accordingly, impaired feeding in infants from group I was significantly more frequent than in infants from group II (19\/25 [76.0%] versus 4\/12 [33.3%]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04). Conversely, the median (IQR) length of stay was not significantly different between the two groups (seven [3\u201314] for group I versus five [5\u201310] for group II; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.11). The 16S ribosomal RNA V3\u2013V4 region amplification of infants\u2019 fecal samples resulted in 299 annotated amplicon sequence variants. Based on alpha- and beta-diversity microbiota downstream analyses, group I and group II infants had similar bacterial communities in their samples. Additionally, comparing infants having &amp;lt;90% SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 29) with infants having \u226590% SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8) showed that well-known dominant genera (<jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Veillonella<\/jats:italic>) were differently, but not significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.44, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.71, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.98, and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.41, respectively) abundant between the two subgroups. Overall, we showed that, regardless of RSV or non-RSV bronchiolitis etiology, no fecal microbiota-composing bacteria could be associated with the severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants. Larger and longitudinally conducted studies will be necessary to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.815715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T08:00:49Z","timestamp":1646640049000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative Fecal Microbiota Analysis of Infants With Acute Bronchiolitis Caused or Not Caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Flavio","family":"De Maio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Buonsenso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delia Mercedes","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Giaimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Fosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca Romana","family":"Monzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Sali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brunella","family":"Posteraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Valentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Sanguinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-01148-8","article-title":"Epidemiology and Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Children in Italy","volume":"47","author":"Azzari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital J. 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