{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:02:49Z","timestamp":1790913769566,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiotics can drive the rapid loss of non-target, phylogenetically diverse microorganisms that inhabit the human gut. This so-called \u201ccollateral damage\u201d has myriad consequences for host health and antibiotic mediated changes to the gut microbiota have been implicated in the aetiology of many chronic diseases. To date, studies have largely focused on how antibiotics affect the bacterial fraction of the gut microbiome and their impact on non-bacterial members, including prevalent eukaryal species, such as <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>, remains largely unknown. Here we assessed the prevalence and diversity of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> in an elderly adult group that were in receipt of antibiotics (n = 86) and an equivalent non-antibiotic treated group (n = 88) using a PCR-based approach. This analysis revealed that although similar subtypes were present in both groups, <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> was significantly less prevalent in the antibiotic-treated group (16%) compared to non-antibiotic treated controls (55%); Fisher\u2019s Exact test, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001). Given that antibiotics target structures and molecules of prokaryotic cells to kill or inhibit bacterial populations, the most likely explanation for differences in prevalence between both groups is due to secondary extinctions owing to the potential dependence of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> on bacteria present in the gut microbiome that were negatively affected by antibiotic treatment. Although further work is required to explore this hypothesis in greater detail, these data clearly show that <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> prevalence in human populations is negatively associated with antibiotic treatment. This finding may be relevant to explaining patterns of variation for this microorganism in different human populations and cohorts of interest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.822475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T06:05:26Z","timestamp":1645769126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Collateral Damage in the Human Gut Microbiome - Blastocystis Is Significantly Less Prevalent in an Antibiotic-Treated Adult Population Compared to Non-Antibiotic Treated Controls"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ian B.","family":"Jeffery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline D.","family":"Scanlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2016.05.007","article-title":"Pathogenic Mechanisms in Blastocystis Spp. \u2014 Interpreting Results From In Vitro and In Vivo Studies","volume":"65","author":"Ajjampur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. 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