{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:11:26Z","timestamp":1787026286663,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20H01616, JP15K00819, JP20K11647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20H01616, JP15K00819, JP20K11647"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a leading cause of food-borne disease worldwide. The pathogenicity of\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    is closely associated with the internalization process in host epithelial cells, which is related to a host immune response. Autophagy indicates a key role in the innate immune system of the host to exclude invasive pathogens. Most bacteria are captured by autophagosomes and degraded by autophagosome-lysosome fusion in host cells. However, several pathogens, such as\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , avoid and\/or escape autophagic degradation to establish infection. But autophagy involvement as a host immune response to\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection has not been clarified. This study revealed autophagy association in\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. During infection,\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    activated the Rho family small GTPase Rac1 signaling pathway, which modulates actin remodeling and promotes the internalization of this pathogen. In this study, we found the LC3 contribution to\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    invasion signaling\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    the Rac1 signaling pathway. Interestingly, during\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    invasion, LC3 was recruited to bacterial entry site depending on Rac1 GTPase activation just at the early step of the infection.\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection induced LC3-II conversion, and autophagy induction facilitated\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    internalization. Also, autophagy inhibition attenuated\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    invasion step. Moreover, Rac1 recruited LC3 to the cellular membrane, activating the invasion of\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Altogether, our findings provide insights into the new function of LC3 in bacterial invasion. We found the interaction between the Rho family small GTPase, Rac1, and autophagy-associated protein, LC3.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.829682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T02:05:37Z","timestamp":1646273137000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Recruitment of LC3 by Campylobacter jejuni to Bacterial Invasion Site on Host Cells via the Rac1-Mediated Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shiho","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaaki","family":"Shimohata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Kido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Uebanso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuaki","family":"Mawatari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.970-973.2002","article-title":"Dominant-Negative Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 Facilitate the Invasion Process of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Into Caco-2 Cells","volume":"70","author":"Akeda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. 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