{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T15:39:29Z","timestamp":1771256369151,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Canis lupus familiaris<\/jats:italic> (domestic dog) represents a reliable sentinel for the occurrence of a well-established transmission cycle of <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic> among wild mammals in the surroundings and, consequently, where the risk of human infection exists. Serological diagnosis is the chosen method to identify <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> infection in dogs that, in Brazil, rarely present positive parasitological tests. The use of recombinant chimeric parasitic antigens results in a sensitive and specific serological diagnostic test in contrast to the use of crude <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> antigens. Our objective was to evaluate the Chagas\/Bio-Manguinhos Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Rapid Test (Chagas-LFRT) for the diagnosis of <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> infection in domestic dogs and the potential of application of this diagnostic platform to wild canid species. Two recombinant proteins (IBMP-8.1 and IBMP-8.4) that displayed the best performance in the enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) in previous studies were tested in a platform with two diagnostic bands. A panel of 281 dog serum samples was evaluated: 133 positive for <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> by serological diagnosis, including 20 samples with positive blood cultures belonging to different discrete typing units (DTUs); 129 negative samples; and 19 samples from dogs infected by other trypanosomatids: <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Trypanosoma rangeli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Trypanosoma caninum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Crithidia mellificae<\/jats:italic>, in addition to samples infected by <jats:italic>Anaplasma platys<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Dirofilaria immitis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Erlichia<\/jats:italic> sp. that were employed to evaluate eventual cross-reactions. We also evaluated the Chagas-LFRT to detect <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> infection in 9 serum samples from six wild canid species. We observed that the intensity pattern of the bands was directly proportional to the serological titer observed in IFAT. The sensitivity was 94%, the specificity was 91% according to the ROC curve, and the defined cutoff was an optical density of 4.8. The agreement obtained was considered substantial by the kappa analysis (84%). From <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> positive hemoculture samples, 88.9% were positive by Chagas-LFRT. The test was efficient in recognizing infections by five of the six <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> DTUs. Cross-reactions were not observed in infections by <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>T. rangeli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>T. caninum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic>; however, they were observed in sera of dogs infected by <jats:italic>Crithidia mellificae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Anaplasma<\/jats:italic> sp. and <jats:italic>Erlichia<\/jats:italic> sp. A strong reaction was observed when serum samples from wild canids were submitted to the Protein A affinity test, confirming its applicability for these species. This test will allow rapid preventive actions in areas with high risk to the emergence of Chagas disease in a safer, reliable, low-cost and immediate manner, without the need for more complex laboratory tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.835383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T06:05:24Z","timestamp":1645509924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Chagas Immunochromatographic Rapid Test in the Serological Diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Wild and Domestic Canids"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Esthefany S.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilbert Q.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlon Vicente da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana H. 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