{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:04:41Z","timestamp":1790089481973,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis<\/jats:italic> is the underlying cause of a significant number of outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness in humans and animals worldwide. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the prevalence and genetic diversity of <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> in captive alpine musk deer (<jats:italic>Moschus chrysogaster<\/jats:italic>) in China. A total of 202 fecal samples were collected from three farms in Gansu Province, China. Identification of <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> was conducted by nested PCR targeting the genes coding for SSU rRNA, \u03b2-giardin (<jats:italic>bg<\/jats:italic>), glutamate dehydrogenase (<jats:italic>gdh<\/jats:italic>) and triosephosphate isomerase (<jats:italic>tpi<\/jats:italic>). The overall prevalence of <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> in captive alpine musk deer in surveyed area was 19.3% (39\/202). Two <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> genetic assemblages were identified, namely assemblage A and E. Mixed genotype infections (A+E) were found in 15.4% (6\/39) of positive samples. Multilocus genotyping (MLG) analysis of <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> isolates revealed six novel assemblage A MLGs formed by two newly-described MLG-subtypes which belonged to sub-assemblage AI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on MLG of <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> isolates in captive alpine musk deer in China. The presence of zoonotic assemblages and sub-assemblages of <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> in deer species suggests that these animals may potentially act as a reservoir of this protozoan for humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.856429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T06:45:35Z","timestamp":1650437135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Alpine Musk Deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qilin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingyang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingchen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5081-7","article-title":"The Zoonotic Potential of Giardia Intestinalis Assemblage E in Rural Settings","volume":"115","author":"Abdel-Moein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. 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