{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:07:04Z","timestamp":1790500024748,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Macrophages are key cellular components of innate immunity, acting as the first line of defense against pathogens to modulate homeostatic and inflammatory responses. They help clear pathogens and shape the T-cell response through the production of cytokines and chemokines. The facultative intracellular fungal pathogen<jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>has developed a unique ability to interact with and manipulate host macrophages. These interactions dictate how<jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>infection can remain latent or how dissemination within the host is achieved. In addition, differences in the activities of macrophages have been correlated with differential susceptibilities of hosts to<jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>infection, highlighting the importance of macrophages in determining disease outcomes. There is now abundant information on the interaction between<jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>and macrophages. In this review we discuss recent advances regarding macrophage origin, polarization, activation, and effector functions during<jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>infection. The importance of these strategies in pathogenesis and the potential of immunotherapy for cryptococcosis treatment is also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.859049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T03:49:42Z","timestamp":1648525782000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Macrophage Mediated Immunomodulation During Cryptococcus Pulmonary Infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddhi","family":"Pawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orchi","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amariliz","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoyang","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00158-11","article-title":"Dynamics of Cryptococcus neoformans-Macrophage Interactions Reveal That Fungal Background Influences Outcome During Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis in Humans","volume":"2","author":"Alanio","year":"2011","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02580","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00158-11","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans Host Adaptation: Toward Biological Evidence of Dormancy","volume":"6","author":"Alanio","year":"2015","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00986","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00986-13","article-title":"Quorum Sensing-Mediated, Cell Density-Dependent Regulation of Growth and Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"5","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2014","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.09.061","article-title":"Phagosome Extrusion and Host-Cell Survival After Cryptococcus neoformans Phagocytosis by Macrophages","volume":"16","author":"Alvarez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. 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