{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:10:35Z","timestamp":1790777435177,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006342","name":"Association Vaincre la Mucoviscidose","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006342","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015510","name":"Infrastructures en Biologie Sant\u00e9 et Agronomie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacteria of the genus <jats:italic>Achromobacter<\/jats:italic> are environmental germs, with an unknown reservoir. It can become opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients, causing bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia, or peritonitis. In recent years, <jats:italic>Achromobacter xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic> has emerged with increasing incidence in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Recent studies showed that <jats:italic>A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic> is involved in the degradation of the respiratory function of patients with CF. The respiratory ecosystem of patients with CF is colonized by bacterial species that constantly fight for space and access to nutrients. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) empowers this constant bacterial antagonism, and it is used as a virulence factor in several pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of the T6SS genes in <jats:italic>A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic> isolated in patients with CF. We also evaluated clinical and molecular characteristics of T6SS-positive <jats:italic>A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic> strains. We showed that <jats:italic>A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic> possesses a T6SS gene cluster and that some environmental and clinical isolates assemble a functional T6SS nanomachine<jats:italic>. A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic> T6SS is used to target competing bacteria, including other CF-specific pathogens. Finally, we demonstrated the importance of the T6SS in the internalization of <jats:italic>A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic> in lung epithelial cells and that the T6SS protein Hcp is detected in the sputum of patients with CF. Altogether, these results suggest for the first time a role of T6SS in CF-lung colonization by <jats:italic>A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic> and opens promising perspective to target this virulence determinant as innovative theranostic options for CF management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.859181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T15:24:24Z","timestamp":1655393064000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Characterization of the Achromobacter xylosoxidans Type VI Secretion System and Its Implication in Cystic Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Le Goff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manon","family":"Vastel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9gine","family":"Lebrun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Mansuelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ava","family":"Diarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teddy","family":"Grandjean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Triponney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genevi\u00e8ve","family":"Imbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Gosset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigue","family":"Dessein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabien","family":"Garnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2010.12.002","article-title":"Decreased Mucosal Oxygen Tension in the Maxillary Sinuses in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"Aanaes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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