{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:55:47Z","timestamp":1792688147670,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":316,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a gram-negative diplococcus and a transient commensal of the human nasopharynx. It shares and competes for this niche with a number of other\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic>\n                    species including\n                    <jats:italic>N. lactamica, N. cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>N. mucosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Unlike these other members of the genus,\n                    <jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    may become invasive, crossing the epithelium of the nasopharynx and entering the bloodstream, where it rapidly proliferates causing a syndrome known as Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD). IMD progresses rapidly to cause septic shock and meningitis and is often fatal despite aggressive antibiotic therapy. While many of the ways in which meningococci survive in the host environment have been well studied, recent insights into the interactions between\n                    <jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the epithelial, serum, and endothelial environments have expanded our understanding of how IMD develops. This review seeks to incorporate recent work into the established model of pathogenesis. In particular, we focus on the competition that\n                    <jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    faces in the nasopharynx from other\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, and how the genetic diversity of the meningococcus contributes to the wide range of inflammatory and pathogenic potentials observed among different lineages.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.862935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T01:11:15Z","timestamp":1650589875000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The Host-Pathogen Interactions and Epicellular Lifestyle of Neisseria meningitidis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"August","family":"Mikucki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolie R.","family":"McCluskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlene M.","family":"Kahler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425917749299","article-title":"Whole-Blood Incubation With the Neisseria meningitidis Lpxl1 Mutant Induces Less Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Than the Wild Type, and IL-10 Reduces the MyD88-Dependent Cytokines","volume":"24","author":"Aass","year":"2018","journal-title":"Innate Immun."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(85)93294-3","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Meningococcal Infections in England and Wales 1912-1983","volume":"11","author":"Abbott","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. 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