{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:40:19Z","timestamp":1791639619206,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tight junctions (TJs) are essential components of intestinal barrier integrity and protect the epithelium against passive paracellular flux and microbial translocation. Dysfunctional TJ leads to leaky gut, a condition associated with diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB) are minor residents of the gut. An increased number of <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio<\/jats:italic>, the most predominant SRB, is observed in IBD and other diseases associated with leaky gut. However, it is not known whether <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio<\/jats:italic> contributes to leaky gut. We tested the hypothesis that <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio vulgaris<\/jats:italic> (DSV) may induce intestinal permeability <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Snail, a transcription factor, disrupts barrier function by affecting TJ proteins such as occludin. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), a host defense protein, protects epithelial barrier integrity. We tested whether DSV induced permeability in polarized Caco-2 cells <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> snail and if this effect was inhibited by IAP. Barrier integrity was assessed by measuring transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) and by 4kDa FITC-Dextran flux to determine paracellular permeability. We found that DSV reduced TEER, increased FITC-flux, upregulated snail protein expression, caused nuclear translocation of snail, and disrupted occludin staining at the junctions. DSV-induced permeability effects were inhibited in cells knocked down for snail. Pre-treatment of cells with IAP inhibited DSV-induced FITC flux and snail expression and DSV-mediated disruption of occludin staining. These data show that DSV, a resident commensal bacterium, can contribute to leaky gut and that snail may serve as a novel therapeutic target to mitigate DSV-induced effects. Taken together, our study suggests a novel underlying mechanism of association of <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio<\/jats:italic> bloom with diseases with increased intestinal permeability. Our study also underscores IAP as a novel therapeutic intervention for correcting SRB-induced leaky gut <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> inhibition of snail.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.882498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T04:38:48Z","timestamp":1653539928000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Prevents Sulfate Reducing Bacteria-Induced Increased Tight Junction Permeability by Inhibiting Snail Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sudha B.","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina N.","family":"Coffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew G.","family":"Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Carroll-Portillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cody A.","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry C.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/19336918.2017.1322253","article-title":"Periodontal Pathogens Promote Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells In Vitro","volume":"12","author":"Abdulkareem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Adh. 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