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An adjuvant therapy with an anti-inflammatory drug with the potential of<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>killing would benefit CL patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 (PPAR-\u03b3) activation by pioglitazone in the regulation of the inflammatory response and<jats:italic>L. braziliensis<\/jats:italic>killing by monocytes. Pioglitazone is an oral drug used in the treatment of diabetes, and its main mechanism of action is through the activation of PPAR-\u03b3, which is expressed in many cell types of the immune response. We found that activation of PPAR-\u03b3 by pioglitazone decreases the inflammatory response in CL patients without affecting<jats:italic>L. braziliensis<\/jats:italic>killing by monocytes. Our data suggest that pioglitazone may serve as an adjunctive treatment for CL caused by<jats:italic>L. braziliensis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.884237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T04:25:25Z","timestamp":1657772725000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pioglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-\u03b3 Agonist, Downregulates the Inflammatory Response in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients Without Interfering in Leishmania braziliensis Killing by Monocytes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maur\u00edcio T.","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravena S. 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