{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T03:35:41Z","timestamp":1785209741971,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DE14158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DE14158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> Als1 is a large cell-surface glycoprotein most often discussed for its role in mediating ligand-binding and aggregative interactions. Relative to a wild-type control, deletion of <jats:italic>ALS1<\/jats:italic> produced a strain that showed delayed germ-tube formation and delayed disease progression in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis. Populations of <jats:italic>\u0394als1\/\u0394als1<\/jats:italic> cultured cells had a higher proportion of smaller cells compared to wild-type or <jats:italic>ALS1<\/jats:italic> reintegrant control cultures. The goal of this work was to investigate whether this difference in cell-size distributions was responsible for delayed germ-tube formation and delayed disease progression. Flow cytometry was used to select populations of wild-type and <jats:italic>\u0394als1\/\u0394als1<\/jats:italic> cells with varied cell-size distributions. Delayed germ-tube formation was demonstrated for small cells sorted from a wild-type (<jats:italic>ALS1\/ALS1<\/jats:italic>) culture population. Large cells sorted from a <jats:italic>\u0394als1\/\u0394als1<\/jats:italic> culture formed germ tubes as quickly as the wild-type control demonstrating clearly that the <jats:italic>\u0394als1\/\u0394als1<\/jats:italic> germ-tube formation delays were attributable to cell size. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>, smaller-sized cells of the wild-type control showed fewer colony-forming units (cfu) per gram of kidney tissue and less-severe histopathology lesions compared to larger cells of the same strain. The <jats:italic>\u0394als1\/\u0394als1<\/jats:italic> strain showed reduced cfu\/g of kidney tissue and less-severe lesions compared to the wild-type control. However, isolation and testing of the larger cells from the <jats:italic>\u0394als1\/\u0394als1<\/jats:italic> population increased cfu\/g of tissue and showed increased lesion severity compared to the overall mutant cell population. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> hypha lengths from the large, sorted <jats:italic>\u0394als1\/\u0394als1<\/jats:italic> cells were comparable to those for the wild-type control strain. These results demonstrated that a large share of the <jats:italic>\u0394als1\/\u0394als1 in-vivo<\/jats:italic> phenotype was attributable to cell size. Collectively, the data suggest a role for Als1 in <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> cell size homeostasis, a novel hypothesis for further exploration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.895068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T07:09:03Z","timestamp":1652252943000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["ALS1 Deletion Increases the Proportion of Small Cells in a Candida albicans Culture Population: Hypothesizing a Novel Role for Als1"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soon-Hwan","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lois L.","family":"Hoyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08064","article-title":"Evolution of Pathogenicity and Sexual Reproduction in Eight Candida Genomes","volume":"459","author":"Butler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.126.2.771-776.1976","article-title":"Germ Tube Formation From Zonal Rotor Fractions of Candida albicans","volume":"126","author":"Chaffin","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. 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