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Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic> is a ubiquitous and saprophytic filamentous fungus and the main etiologic agent of aspergillosis. Infections caused by <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic> culminate in a strong inflammatory response that can evolve into respiratory failure and may be lethal in immunocompromised individuals. In the last decades, it has been demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) elicit a notable biological response in immune cells. EVs carry a variety of biomolecules, therefore are considered potential antigen delivery vehicles. The role of EVs as a strategy for modulating an effective response against infections caused by <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic> remains unexplored. Here we investigate the use of EVs derived from <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic> as an immunization tool to induce a more robust immune response to <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic> pulmonary infection. In order to investigate that, male C57BL\/6 mice were immunized with two doses of EVs and infected with <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>. Pre-exposure of mice to EVs was able to induce the production of specific IgG serum for fungal antigens. Besides that, the immunization with EVs reduced the neutrophilic infiltrate into the alveoli, as well as the extravasation of total proteins and the production of proinflammatory mediators IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and CXCL-1. In addition, immunization prevented extensive lung tissue damage and also improved phagocytosis and fungus clearance. Noteworthy, immunization with EVs, associated with subclinical doses of Amphotericin B (AmB) treatment, rescued 50% of mice infected with <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic> from lethal fungal pneumonia. Therefore, the present study shows a new role for <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic> EVs as host inflammatory response modulators, suggesting their use as immunizing agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.898619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T11:18:32Z","timestamp":1654082312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Pre-Exposure With Extracellular Vesicles From Aspergillus fumigatus Attenuates Inflammatory Response and Enhances Fungal Clearance in a Murine Model Pulmonary Aspergillosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9ssica Amanda Marques","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella Lu\u00edsa da Silva","family":"Gurgel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nath\u00e1lia Lu\u00edsa Sousa de Oliveira","family":"Malacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1via Rayssa Braga","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celso Martins","family":"Queiroz-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro Martins","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederico Marianetti","family":"Soriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01160.x.Vesicular","article-title":"Vesicular Transport in Histoplasma Capsulatum: An Effective Mechanism for Trans-Cell Wall Transfer of Proteins and Lipids in Ascomycetes","volume":"10","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell. 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