{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T23:38:02Z","timestamp":1778801882728,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are considered an important source of parasitic zoonoses. A study in 2010 revealed high prevalence of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp. in free-ranging rhesus monkeys (<jats:italic>Macaca mulatta<\/jats:italic>) in a public park in Guiyang, southwestern China, which called for the control of disease in animals and long-term epidemiological tracking of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp. After the initiation of a series of public health interventions, we collected 2,402 fecal samples from monkeys and 123 water samples from lakes in the park on six occasions during 2013-2019. They were analyzed and genotyped for <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp. using PCR and sequence analyses of the small subunit rRNA gene. The <jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic> identified were further subtyped by sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene. Compared with the high prevalence of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp. in fecal samples (10.9% or 45\/411) and water samples (47.8% or 11\/23) in 2010, only 18 (0.7%) fecal samples and 3 (2.4%) water samples collected in the present study were positive for <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp., including <jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 9) and <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 12). The former belonged to the NHP-adapted IfA17G2R3 subtype, while the latter mostly belonged to rodent-adapted IIpA9. Therefore, the detection rate and genetic diversity of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp. during this study period were much lower than those before the public health interventions, and there was a switch from common occurrence of anthroponotic <jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic> subtypes to sporadic occurrence of NHP-adapted <jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic> and rodent-adapted <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic> subtypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.901766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T09:13:22Z","timestamp":1657185202000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Decline in Cryptosporidium Infection in Free-Ranging Rhesus Monkeys in a Park After Public Health Interventions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ruilian","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaqiong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaoyu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(14)70772-8","article-title":"A Review of the Global Burden, Novel Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Vaccine Targets for Cryptosporidium","volume":"15","author":"Checkley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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