{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:53:58Z","timestamp":1753890838250,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>It has been over two years since the COVID-19 pandemic began and it is still an unprecedented global challenge. Here, we aim to characterize the antibody profile from a large batch of early COVID-19 cases in China, from January \u2013 March 2020. More than 1,000 serum samples from participants in Hubei and Zhejiang province were collected. A series of serum samples were also collected along the disease course from 70 patients in Shanghai and Chongqing for longitudinal analysis. The serologic assay (ALLtest) we developed was confirmed to have high sensitivity (92.58% - 97.55%) and high specificity (92.14% - 96.28%) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-specific antibodies. Confirmed cases found in the Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (HBCDC), showed a significantly (p = 0.0018) higher positive rate from the ALLtest than RNA test. Then, we further identified the disease course, age, sex, and symptoms that were correlating factors with our ALLtest results. In summary, we confirmed the high reliability of our ALLtest and its important role in COVID-19 diagnosis. The correlating factors we identified will require special attention during future clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.915751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T11:33:26Z","timestamp":1654256006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 in the First Batch of COVID-19 Patients in China by a Self-Developed Rapid IgM-IgG Test"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yiyi","family":"Pu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youhong","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yahan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianqin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hangjun","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingming","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa133","article-title":"Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 PCR Cycle Threshold Values Provide Practical Insight Into Overall and Target-Specific Sensitivity Among Symptomatic Patients","volume":"154","author":"Buchan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. 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