{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T22:15:40Z","timestamp":1777414540587,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Centre for Sepsis Control and Care (FKZ 01EO1502) , ReHwIN (13GW0432F)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Centre for Sepsis Control and Care (FKZ 01EO1502) , ReHwIN (13GW0432F)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001664","name":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, commonly referred to as pneumococci, can cause severe and invasive infections, which are major causes of communicable disease morbidity and mortality in Europe and globally. The differentiation of <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> from other <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> species, especially from other oral streptococci, has proved to be particularly difficult and tedious. In this work, we evaluate if Raman spectroscopy holds potential for a reliable differentiation of <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> from other streptococci. Raman spectra of eight different <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> strains and four other <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> species (<jats:italic>S. sanguinis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. thermophilus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. dysgalactiae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>) were recorded and their spectral features analyzed. Together with Raman spectra of 59 <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> patient isolates, they were used to train and optimize binary classification models (PLS-DA). The effect of normalization on the model accuracy was compared, as one example for optimization potential for future modelling. Optimized models were used to identify <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> from other streptococci in an independent, previously unknown data set of 28 patient isolates. For this small data set balanced accuracy of around 70% could be achieved. Improvement of the classification rate is expected with optimized model parameters and algorithms as well as with a larger spectral data base for training.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.930011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T07:05:39Z","timestamp":1658473539000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Raman Spectroscopic Differentiation of Streptococcus pneumoniae From Other Streptococci Using Laboratory Strains and Clinical Isolates"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Marcel","family":"Dahms","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Eiserloh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"R\u00f6del","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliwia","family":"Makarewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bocklitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Popp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Neugebauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"For-Disease-Prevention-And-Control ECDCE-. 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