{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T04:34:52Z","timestamp":1772944492103,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cirrhosis is the end stage of chronic liver diseases like chronic hepatitis B. In China, hepatitis B accounts for around 60% of cases of cirrhosis. So far, clinical and laboratory indexes for the early diagnosis of cirrhosis are far from satisfactory. Nevertheless, there haven\u2019t been specific drugs for cirrhosis. Thus, it is quite necessary to uncover more specific factors which play their roles in cirrhosis and figure out the possible therapeutic targets. Among emerging factors taking part in the initiation and progression of cirrhosis, gut microbiota might be a pivot of systemic factors like metabolism and immune and different organs like gut and liver. Discovery of detailed molecular mechanism in gut microbiota and gut liver axis leads to a more promising prospect of developing new drugs intervening in these pathways. Time-based medication regimen has been proofed to be helpful in hormonotherapy, especially in the use of glucocorticoid. Thus, circadian rhythms, though haven\u2019t been strongly linked to hepatitis B and its complications, are still pivotal to various pathophysiological progresses. Gut microbiota as a potential effective factor of circadian rhythms has also received increasing attentions. Here, our work, restricting cirrhosis to the post-hepatitis B one, is aimed to summarize how circadian rhythms and hepatitis B-related cirrhosis can intersect <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> gut microbiota, and to throw new insights on the development of new and time-based therapies for hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and other cirrhosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.936815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T05:36:31Z","timestamp":1656653791000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Circadian Rhythms Coordinated With Gut Microbiota Partially Account for Individual Differences in Hepatitis B-Related Cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tongyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.05.002","article-title":"Liver-Microbiome Axis in Health and Disease","volume":"39","author":"Adolph","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.07.018","article-title":"A Preliminary Examination of Gut Microbiota, Sleep, and Cognitive Flexibility in Healthy Older Adults","volume":"38","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-017-9798-x","article-title":"Gut-Liver Axis, Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension: The Chicken and the Egg","volume":"12","author":"Arab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12307","article-title":"How Sleep and Wakefulness Influence Circadian Rhythmicity: Effects of Insufficient and Mistimed Sleep on the Animal and Human Transcriptome","volume":"24","author":"Archer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12726","article-title":"Metabolites Produced by Commensal Bacteria Promote Peripheral Regulatory T-Cell Generation","volume":"504","author":"Arpaia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(88)80944-x","article-title":"Levels of 7 Alpha-Hydroxy-4-Cholesten-3-One in Plasma Reflect Rates of Bile Acid Synthesis in Man","volume":"239","author":"Axelson","year":"1988","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1159\/000341432","article-title":"Ischemia and Reperfusion Liver Injury is Reduced in the Absence of Toll-Like Receptor 4","volume":"30","author":"Ben-Ari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.10.003","article-title":"Gut Microbiota and Glucometabolic Alterations in Response to Recurrent Partial Sleep Deprivation in Normal-Weight Young Individuals","volume":"5","author":"Benedict","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28356","article-title":"The Severity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is Associated With Gut Dysbiosis and Shift in the Metabolic Function of the Gut Microbiota","volume":"63","author":"Boursier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.07.001","article-title":"The Microbiota Coordinates Diurnal Rhythms in Innate Immunity With the Circadian Clock","volume":"184","author":"Brooks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.08.004","article-title":"Time-Restricted Feeding Prevents Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Mice Lacking a Circadian Clock","volume":"29","author":"Chaix","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26494","article-title":"Microbiota-Liver Axis in Hepatic Disease","volume":"59","author":"Chassaing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34055","article-title":"Dysbiosis of Small Intestinal Microbiota in Liver Cirrhosis and its Association With Etiology","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-753","article-title":"Functional Gene Arrays-Based Analysis of Fecal Microbiomes in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/653017","article-title":"PPARs Integrate the Mammalian Clock and Energy Metabolism","volume":"2014","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PPAR Res."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3346","article-title":"Mind-Altering Microorganisms: The Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Brain and Behaviour","volume":"13","author":"Cryan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17111786","article-title":"Circadian Rhythm Shapes the Gut Microbiota Affecting Host Radiosensitivity","volume":"17","author":"Cui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1039\/d1fo04116a","article-title":"Apple Polyphenol Extract Modulates Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota by Regulating the Circadian Rhythms in Daytime-Restricted High Fat Diet Feeding C57BL\/6 Male Mice","volume":"13","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2014.12.017","article-title":"[Clinical Research on Microecologic Treatment Combined Enteral Nutrition for Hepatic Encephalopathy]","volume":"35","author":"Dai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","article-title":"Diet Rapidly and Reproducibly Alters the Human Gut Microbiome","volume":"505","author":"David","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1213","article-title":"Short-Chain Fatty Acids Protect Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via a PPARgamma-Dependent Switch From Lipogenesis to Fat Oxidation","volume":"64","author":"den Besten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1323","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.08.031","article-title":"Probiotic VSL3 Reduces Liver Disease Severity and Hospitalization in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Randomized, Controlled Trial","volume":"147","author":"Dhiman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35451","article-title":"Multiplex Quantification of Four DNA Targets in One Reaction With Bio-Rad Droplet Digital PCR System for GMO Detection","volume":"6","author":"Dobnik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3552","article-title":"Gut Biogeography of the Bacterial Microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Donaldson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.05.035","article-title":"Regulation of Bile Acid Synthesis by the Nuclear Receptor Rev-Erbalpha","volume":"135","author":"Duez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06672","article-title":"Role of the Gut Microbiome in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Induced Hypertension","volume":"67","author":"Durgan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.04.013","article-title":"New Insights on the Pathogenesis of Biliary Cirrhosis Provided by Studies in FXR Knockout Mice","volume":"55","author":"Fausther","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.085597","article-title":"Cross-Talk Between Farnesoid-X-Receptor (FXR) and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Contributes to the Antifibrotic Activity of FXR Ligands in Rodent Models of Liver Cirrhosis","volume":"315","author":"Fiorucci","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20100327","article-title":"The Circadian Clock and Metabolism","volume":"120","author":"Froy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond)"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i3.425","article-title":"Gut-Liver Axis in Liver Cirrhosis: How to Manage Leaky Gut and Endotoxemia","volume":"7","author":"Fukui","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.009","article-title":"Bile Acid Synthesis in Humans has a Rapid Diurnal Variation That is Asynchronous With Cholesterol Synthesis","volume":"129","author":"Galman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.12.019","article-title":"Histone Acetylation of Bile Acid Transporter Genes Plays a Critical Role in Cirrhosis","volume":"76","author":"Garrido","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X13482996","article-title":"Role of the Gut Microbiota in Health and Chronic Gastrointestinal Disease: Understanding a Hidden Metabolic Organ","volume":"6","author":"Guinane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Therap Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7231","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8231","article-title":"Circadian Control of Bile Acid Synthesis by a KLF15-Fgf15 Axis","volume":"6","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.03.002","article-title":"Gut Microbial Metabolites Facilitate Anticancer Therapy Efficacy by Modulating Cytotoxic CD8(+) T Cell Immunity","volume":"33","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI46043","article-title":"Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, and Metabolism","volume":"121","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2005.09.001","article-title":"Fibroblast Growth Factor 15 Functions as an Enterohepatic Signal to Regulate Bile Acid Homeostasis","volume":"2","author":"Inagaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31712","article-title":"Dual Agonist of Farnesoid X Receptor and Takeda G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo","volume":"74","author":"Ito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.119","article-title":"Bile Acid-Microbiota Crosstalk in Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Carcinogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-021-00461-1","article-title":"Relationship Between Gut Microbiome Diversity and Hepatitis B Viral Load in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B","volume":"13","author":"Joo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.01.003","article-title":"Modulation of the Fecal Bile Acid Profile by Gut Microbiota in Cirrhosis","volume":"58","author":"Kakiyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21458","article-title":"The G-Protein Coupled Bile Salt Receptor TGR5 is Expressed in Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells","volume":"45","author":"Keitel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2021.102611","article-title":"Short-Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Induces IL-10-Producing B Cells by Regulating Circadian-Clock-Related Genes to Ameliorate Sjogren's Syndrome","volume":"119","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201489527","article-title":"A Dysregulated Acetyl\/SUMO Switch of FXR Promotes Hepatic Inflammation in Obesity","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1179\/096805105X46565","article-title":"Modulatory Effects of Scd14 and LBP on LPS-Host Cell Interactions","volume":"11","author":"Kitchens","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Endotoxin Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000181","article-title":"REV-ERBalpha Participates in Circadian SREBP Signaling and Bile Acid Homeostasis","volume":"7","author":"Le Martelot","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS Biol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1826748","article-title":"Butyrate Mediates Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Through Dact3","volume":"12","author":"Lenoir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10479","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1501305112","article-title":"Rhythmicity of the Intestinal Microbiota is Regulated by Gender and the Host Circadian Clock","volume":"112","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23051157","article-title":"A Comprehensive Genome Survey Provides Novel Insights Into Bile Salt Hydrolase (BSH) in Lactobacillaceae","volume":"23","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673-6184.2008.02.005","article-title":"An Examination of the Up-Regulation of the Circadian Gene Dbp in the Liver Tissues of HBsAg-Positive Transgenic Mice","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Microbes infections"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.12938\/bmfh.17-010","article-title":"Gut Microbial Metabolite Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Obesity","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosci. Microbiota Food Health"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.10.056","article-title":"Activation of Farnesoid X Receptor Downregulates Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Murine Macrophage","volume":"467","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-010-9801-8","article-title":"Intestinal Microbiota was Assessed in Cirrhotic Patients With Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Intestinal Microbiota of HBV Cirrhotic Patients","volume":"61","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.208355","article-title":"Circadian Rhythms and Metabolic Syndrome: From Experimental Genetics to Human Disease","volume":"106","author":"Maury","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006843","article-title":"Circadian Dysregulation Disrupts Bile Acid Homeostasis","volume":"4","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2021.04.004","article-title":"Short Chain Fatty Acids Delay the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in HBx Transgenic Mice","volume":"23","author":"McBrearty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6657","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901347","article-title":"The Bile Acid Sensor Farnesoid X Receptor is a Modulator of Liver Immunity in a Rodent Model of Acute Hepatitis","volume":"183","author":"Mencarelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1179\/096805106X118807","article-title":"Roles for Accessory Molecules in Microbial Recognition by Toll-Like Receptors","volume":"12","author":"Miyake","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Endotoxin Res."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201801181R","article-title":"Farnesoid X Receptor-Alpha is a Proviral Host Factor for Hepatitis B Virus That is Inhibited by Ligands In Vitro and In Vivo","volume":"33","author":"Mouzannar","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201642463","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Directs PPARgamma-Driven Reprogramming of the Liver Circadian Clock by Nutritional Challenge","volume":"17","author":"Murakami","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09938","article-title":"Dynamic Distribution of the Gut Microbiota and the Relationship With Apparent Crude Fiber Digestibility and Growth Stages in Pigs","volume":"5","author":"Niu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3813","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i34.3813","article-title":"Clinical Impact of Microbiome in Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis","volume":"24","author":"Oikonomou","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7020041","article-title":"Potential Role for the Gut Microbiota in Modulating Host Circadian Rhythms and Metabolic Health","volume":"7","author":"Parkar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mie.2014.10.006","article-title":"Circadian Regulation of Cellular Physiology","volume":"552","author":"Peek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G147","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00330.2013","article-title":"Large Intestine Permeability is Increased in Patients With Compensated Liver Cirrhosis","volume":"306","author":"Pijls","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest Liver Physiol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13568","article-title":"Alterations of the Human Gut Microbiome in Liver Cirrhosis","volume":"513","author":"Qin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201500134","article-title":"Reciprocal Regulation of Farnesoid X Receptor Alpha Activity and Hepatitis B Virus Replication in Differentiated HepaRG Cells and Primary Human Hepatocytes","volume":"30","author":"Radreau","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1159\/000371678","article-title":"Gut Microbiota, Cirrhosis, and Alcohol Regulate Bile Acid Metabolism in the Gut","volume":"33","author":"Ridlon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-019-0704-0","article-title":"Genomics of Circadian Rhythms in Health and Disease","volume":"11","author":"Rijo-Ferreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19103043","article-title":"Secondary Unconjugated Bile Acids Induce Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation","volume":"19","author":"Saga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.020","article-title":"Interactions Between the Intestinal Microbiome and Liver Diseases","volume":"146","author":"Schnabl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.63998","article-title":"Gut Microbe-Targeted Choline Trimethylamine Lyase Inhibition Improves Obesity via Rewiring of Host Circadian Rhythms","volume":"11","author":"Schugar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.8.637","article-title":"Diurnal Changes in Serum Unconjugated Bile Acids in Normal Man","volume":"23","author":"Setchell","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16731","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804812105","article-title":"Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii is an Anti-Inflammatory Commensal Bacterium Identified by Gut Microbiota Analysis of Crohn Disease Patients","volume":"105","author":"Sokol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2974","article-title":"The Gut Microbiota\u2013Masters of Host Development and Physiology","volume":"11","author":"Sommer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22627","article-title":"Bile Acids Activate Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Signaling in Human Hepatocytes to Inhibit Cholesterol 7alpha-Hydroxylase Gene Expression","volume":"49","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22179","article-title":"Gut Microbiota: From Microorganisms to Metabolic Organ Influencing Obesity","volume":"26","author":"Stephens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes. (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.708495","article-title":"Distinct Bile Acid Profiles in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Reveal Metabolic Interplay Between Host, Virus and Gut Microbiome","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-021-10230-6","article-title":"Effect of Microbiota Metabolites on the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.003","article-title":"Microbiota Diurnal Rhythmicity Programs Host Transcriptome Oscillations","volume":"167","author":"Thaiss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.09.048","article-title":"Transkingdom Control of Microbiota Diurnal Oscillations Promotes Metabolic Homeostasis","volume":"159","author":"Thaiss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1019","article-title":"Short-Chain Fatty Acids Stimulate Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion via the G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Ffar2","volume":"61","author":"Tolhurst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26939","article-title":"Obeticholic Acid, a Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist, Improves Portal Hypertension by Two Distinct Pathways in Cirrhotic Rats","volume":"59","author":"Verbeke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14951","article-title":"Modulation of Bile Acid Profile by Gut Microbiota in Chronic Hepatitis B","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27406","article-title":"The Global Burden of Liver Disease: The Major Impact of China","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan0677","article-title":"The Intestinal Microbiota Regulates Body Composition Through NFIL3 and the Circadian Clock","volume":"357","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-13-175","article-title":"Abnormal Fecal Microbiota Community and Functions in Patients With Hepatitis B Liver Cirrhosis as Revealed by a Metagenomic Approach","volume":"13","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3213","article-title":"Rev-Erb-Alpha Modulates Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Capacity by Regulating Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Autophagy","volume":"19","author":"Woldt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1208344","article-title":"Linking Long-Term Dietary Patterns With Gut Microbial Enterotypes","volume":"334","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2014.10.040","article-title":"L-Carnitine Intake Prevents Irregular Feeding-Induced Obesity and Lipid Metabolism Disorder","volume":"554","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3596","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060518776064","article-title":"Role of Probiotics in the Treatment of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With HBV-Induced Liver Cirrhosis","volume":"46","author":"Xia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.69833","article-title":"Dynamics of the Gut-Liver Axis in Rats With Varying Fibrosis Severity","volume":"18","author":"Xiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18262-6","article-title":"Intestinal Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids Regulation of Immune Cell IL-22 Production and Gut Immunity","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.11.007","article-title":"Daily Eating Patterns and Their Impact on Health and Disease","volume":"27","author":"Zarrinpar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.11.008","article-title":"Diet and Feeding Pattern Affect the Diurnal Dynamics of the Gut Microbiome","volume":"20","author":"Zarrinpar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.12.117","article-title":"Suppression of Interleukin-6-Induced C-Reactive Protein Expression by FXR Agonists","volume":"379","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.221","article-title":"Large-Scale Survey of Gut Microbiota Associated With MHE Via 16s rRNA-Based Pyrosequencing","volume":"108","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.936815\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T05:36:34Z","timestamp":1656653794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.936815\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"references-count":97,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2022.936815"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.936815","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"article-number":"936815"}}