{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:19:04Z","timestamp":1787775544124,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Transmission of colistin-resistant <jats:italic>Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic> from companion animals to humans poses a clinical risk as colistin is a last-line antimicrobial agent for treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria including <jats:italic>Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>. In this study, we investigated the colistin susceptibility of 285 <jats:italic>Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic> (including 140 <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, 86 <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> spp., and 59 <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic> spp.) isolated from companion animals in Japan. We further characterized colistin-resistant isolates by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), phylogenetic analysis of <jats:italic>hsp60<\/jats:italic> sequences, and population analysis profiling, to evaluate the potential clinical risk of companion animal-derived colistin-resistant <jats:italic>Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic> to humans in line with the One Health approach. All <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates were susceptible to colistin, and only one <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> spp. isolate (1.2%, 1\/86 isolates) was colistin resistant. <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. isolates were frequently colistin resistant (20.3%, 12\/59 isolates). In colistin-resistant <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic> spp., all except one isolate exhibited colistin heteroresistance by population analysis profiling. These colistin-heteroresistant isolates belonged to clusters I, II, IV, VIII, and XII based on <jats:italic>hsp60<\/jats:italic> phylogeny. MLST analysis revealed that 12 colistin-resistant <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. belonged to the <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic> complex; five <jats:italic>Enterobacter kobei<\/jats:italic> (four ST591 and one ST1577), three <jats:italic>Enterobacter asburiae<\/jats:italic> (one ST562 and two ST1578), two <jats:italic>Enterobacter roggenkampii<\/jats:italic> (ST606 and ST1576), and <jats:italic>Enterobacter hormaechei<\/jats:italic> (ST1579) and <jats:italic>E. cloacae<\/jats:italic> (ST765) (each one strain). Forty-two percent of the colistin-resistant <jats:italic>E. cloacae<\/jats:italic> complex isolates (predominantly ST562 and ST591) belonged to lineages with human clinical isolates. Four <jats:italic>E. kobei<\/jats:italic> ST591 isolates were resistant to third-generation cephalosporines, aminoglycosides, and fluroquinolones but remained susceptible to carbapenems. In\u00a0conclusion, our study is the first to our knowledge to report the frequent isolation of the colistin-resistant <jats:italic>E. cloacae<\/jats:italic> complex from companion animals. Furthermore, a subset of isolates belonged to human-associated lineages with resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. These data warrant monitoring carriage of the colistin-resistant <jats:italic>E. cloacae<\/jats:italic> complex in companion animals as part of a domestic infection control procedure in line with the One Health approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.946841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T17:16:08Z","timestamp":1657127768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Colistin Susceptibility in Companion Animal-Derived Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterobacter spp. in Japan: Frequent Isolation of Colistin-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae Complex"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Toyotaka","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Usui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-ichi","family":"Yokota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motohiro","family":"Horiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0218-1","article-title":"Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance of Bacterial Heteroresistance","volume":"17","author":"Andersson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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