{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T22:39:06Z","timestamp":1788993546140,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>Entertidis (SE) often causes persistent infections and egg contamination in laying ducks. Hcp, the core structural and effector proteins of the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) in SE, contributes to bacterial invasion, adhesion and virulence. However, little is known about the effect of Hcp on the host\u2019s infection responses and egg contamination incidences in duck. Herein, we generated an<jats:italic>hcp<\/jats:italic>deletion mutant SE MY1\u25b3<jats:italic>hcp<\/jats:italic>and detected its ability to invade duck granulosa cells (dGCs) and contaminate eggs. In comparison with MY1<jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic>infected group, the SE adhesion decreased by 15.96% in MY1\u25b3<jats:italic>hcp-<\/jats:italic>infected dGCs, and the apoptosis in MY1\u25b3<jats:italic>hcp-<\/jats:italic>infected dGCs decreased by 26.58% and 30.99% at 3 and 6 hours postinfection, respectively. However, the expression levels of immunogenic genes<jats:italic>TLR4<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>NOD1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>TNF\u03b1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>IL-1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1 release were markedly lower in the dGCs inoculated with MY1\u25b3<jats:italic>hcp<\/jats:italic>than that of the wild type. Besides, the laying ducks were challenged with MY1 or MY1\u25b3<jats:italic>hcp in vivo<\/jats:italic>, respectively. The lower egg production and higher egg contamination were observed in MY1<jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic>infected ducks in comparison with MY1\u25b3<jats:italic>hcp<\/jats:italic>-infected birds. Furthermore, the host\u2019s infection response of differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) to<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>effector Hcp was identified using quantitative proteomics. A total of 164 DAPs were identified between the MY1- and MY1\u25b3<jats:italic>hcp<\/jats:italic>-infected cells, which were mainly engaged in the immune, hormone synthesis, cell proliferation and cell apoptotic process. Among them, STAT3, AKT1, MAPK9, MAPK14, and CREBBP were the center of the regulatory network, which might serve as key host response regulators to bacterial Hcp. In conclusion, we demonstrated that effector Hcp contributed to not only SE invasion, induction of dGCs apoptosis, and trigger of immune responses, but also enhanced contamination incidences. Also, the STAT3, AKT1, MAPK9, MAPK14, and CREBBP were identified as host\u2019s infection response regulators of bacterial Hcp in duck. Overall, these results not only offered a novel evidence of SE ovarian transmission but also identified some promising candidate regulators during SE infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.948237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T13:31:51Z","timestamp":1664803911000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The salmonella effector Hcp modulates infection response, and affects salmonella adhesion and egg contamination incidences in ducks"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiqi","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenghua","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanwipa","family":"Vongsangnak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4984","DOI":"10.1128\/Aem.67.11.4984-4991.2001","article-title":"Identification by subtractive hybridization of sequences specific for Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis","volume":"67","author":"Agron","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. 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