{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:38:58Z","timestamp":1791851938751,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Odontogenic brain and pulmonary abscesses are extremely rare infectious diseases. It is mainly caused by the upward or downward transmission of local infection or blood-borne spread. In recent years, with the wide application of some novel testing methods in clinical practice, the diagnosis of unexplained infections such as odontogenic abscesses in different organs has gradually become clear. We report a case of a 21-year-old male who was healthy and had not received any oral treatment before onset. He started with acute gastroenteritis-related symptoms, then developed meningitis-related symptoms seven days later with septic shock. No obvious abscess lesions were found on head computed tomography (CT) at admission, and the etiology was not clear by routine examination, which was very easy to misdiagnose as a serious infection caused by intestinal pathogens. But odontogenic pathogens were found both in his blood and cerebrospinal fluid through metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analysis. Subsequently, rechecked imaging examination displayed multiple brain and pulmonary abscesses. Finally, it was diagnosed as an odontogenic brain and pulmonary abscess. After an extremely lengthy anti-infection course (13 weeks of intravenous antibiotics plus 2 weeks of oral antibiotics) and surgery, the patient was improved and discharged from the hospital. From this case, we could see that the development of new diagnostic technologies such as mNGS plays an important role in the early and confirmed diagnosis of diseases previously difficult to diagnose such as odontogenic polymicrobial infections and ultimately helps to improve the prognosis of these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.949840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T05:03:32Z","timestamp":1664514212000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Rare brain and pulmonary abscesses caused by oral pathogens started with acute gastroenteritis diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing: A case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Minhua","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyi","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongbin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-016-0915-5","article-title":"Brain abscess potentially resulting from odontogenic focus: Report of three cases and a literature review","volume":"16","author":"Akashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Oral. Surg."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-12-133","article-title":"An emboligenic pulmonary abscess leading to ischemic stroke and secondary brain abscess","volume":"12","author":"Albrecht","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462459","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/462459","article-title":"How an opportunistic infection can mess with your brain and take your breath away: A rare case of simultaneous lung and brain abscess due to streptococcus anginosus","author":"Al-Saffar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02407-21","article-title":"Culture on selective media and amplicon-based sequencing of 16S rRNA from spontaneous brain abscess-the view from the diagnostic laboratory","volume":"10","author":"Andersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318231e585","article-title":"Brain abscess of odontogenic origin","volume":"22","author":"Antunes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Craniofac Surg."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.05.016","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of brain abscess in Denmark: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"26","author":"Bodilsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9061307","article-title":"Microbiome of odontogenic abscesses","volume":"9","author":"B\u00f6ttger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10090916","article-title":"Clinical relevance of the microbiome in odontogenic abscesses","volume":"10","author":"B\u00f6ttger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. (Basel)"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1301635","article-title":"Brain abscess","volume":"371","author":"Brouwer","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000334","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of brain abscesses","volume":"30","author":"Brouwer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2017.12.014","article-title":"Encephalitis diagnosis using metagenomics: application of next generation sequencing for undiagnosed cases","volume":"76","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19373","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.19373","article-title":"Nocardia cyriacigeorgica brain and lung abscesses in 77-Year-Old man with diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Browne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2021.04.039","article-title":"Lung, brain, and spinal cord abscesses after a near-drowning episode","volume":"134","author":"Cervera-Hernandez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1308\/003588412X13171221499667","article-title":"A case of odontogenic brain abscess arising from covert dental sepsis","volume":"94","author":"Clifton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. R Coll. Surg. Engl."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2001.70112.x","article-title":"Are dental infections a cause of brain abscess? case report and review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Corson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-005-0009-1","article-title":"Pyogenic infections of the central nervous system secondary to dental affections\u2013a report of six cases","volume":"29","author":"Ewald","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Rev."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12266","article-title":"An unusual case of a brain abscess arising from an odontogenic infection","volume":"60","author":"Greenstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S218921","article-title":"A community-acquired lung abscess attributable to odontogenic flora","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2021.11.011","article-title":"Recurrent fatal brain abscess by cladophialophora bantiana in a diabetic patient","volume":"40","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-332","article-title":"Pyogenic brain abscess, a 15 year survey","volume":"12","author":"Helweg-Larsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2017.1337193","article-title":"Odontogenic orbital abscess with intracranial and pulmonary involvement","volume":"36","author":"Hughes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000792","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202000792","article-title":"High-throughput metagenomics for identification of pathogens in the clinical settings","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3118","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.758524","article-title":"Bacteremia associated with toothbrushing and dental extraction","volume":"117","author":"Lockhart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-019-04182-4","article-title":"Brain abscess in pediatric age: a review","volume":"35","author":"Mameli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.238170.118","article-title":"Laboratory validation of a clinical metagenomic sequencing assay for pathogen detection in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"29","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.11.015","article-title":"Intracranial bacterial infections of oral origin","volume":"22","author":"Moazzam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.11.005","article-title":"Brain abscess: an overview","volume":"9","author":"Muzumdar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2014.46.4.269","article-title":"A case of disseminated infection due to actinomyces meyeri involving lung and brain","volume":"46","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-015-0218-1","article-title":"Use of FDG-PET to detect a chronic odontogenic infection as a possible source of the brain abscess","volume":"104","author":"Sato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Odontology"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_541_2021","article-title":"Brain abscess of odontogenic origin in patients with malignant tumors: A report of two cases","volume":"12","author":"Shibata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol. Int."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2019.05.012","article-title":"Anaerobic bacteriological profile of brain abscess in a tertiary care center in southern India","volume":"59","author":"Shruthi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v5i0.21077","article-title":"As-yet-uncultivated oral bacteria: breadth and association with oral and extra-oral diseases","volume":"5","author":"Siqueira","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Oral. Microbiol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.03.028","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis of polymicrobial brain abscesses with 16S-rDNA-based next-generation sequencing","volume":"27","author":"Stebner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2005.04.003","article-title":"Brain abscess: clinical aspects of 100 patients","volume":"10","author":"Tonon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1179\/acb.2004.054","article-title":"Streptococcus milleri-sepsis with lung and brain abscesses","volume":"59","author":"Velghe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Clin. Belg"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00088","article-title":"Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for diagnosis of infectious encephalitis and meningitis: A Large, prospective case series of 213 patients","volume":"10","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-016-1096-z","article-title":"Micafungin versus caspofungin in the treatment of candida glabrata infection: a case report","volume":"10","author":"Yamada","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Case Rep."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.949840\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T05:03:33Z","timestamp":1664514213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.949840\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2022.949840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.949840","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"article-number":"949840"}}