{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T16:15:49Z","timestamp":1782231349573,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018612","name":"Jiangsu Province's Key Provincial Talents Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018612","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010227","name":"Medical Science and Technology Development Foundation, Nanjing Municipality Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing antibiotic resistance of <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infection is a globally urging problem. To investigate the <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> resistance situation in Nanjing, China, we enrolled patients in Nanjing First Hospital from January 2018 to May 2021. <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> strains were isolated from patients who had at least one positive 13C-urea breath or rapid urease result. Subsequently, we performed antibiotic susceptibility tests on the isolated strains to clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, furazolidone and tetracycline. ARMS-PCR was conducted to determine <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> clarithromycin resistance gene mutation. Our results demonstrated that the primary resistance rates of metronidazole, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, furazolidone and tetracycline were 67.19% (1417\/2109), 35.99% (759\/2109), 24.23% (511\/2109), 0.76% (16\/2109), 0.28% (6\/2109) and 0.09% (2\/2109), respectively. The resistance rates of metronidazole, clarithromycin and levofloxacin elevated significantly after treatment and the three antibiotics composed the majority of multi-resistance patterns. However, the resistance rates of amoxicillin, furazolidone and tetracycline were still in low levels after treatment. ARMS-PCR showed a rather good consistency with antibiotic susceptibility test in detecting clarithromycin resistance, with a kappa value of 0.79. Overall, this study revealed the latest complex situation of antibiotic resistance of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection in Nanjing and offered suggestions on clinical medication for curing <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.970630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T08:46:14Z","timestamp":1662626774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori isolated from patients in Nanjing, China: A cross-section study from 2018 to 2021"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zongdan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuetian","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shukui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2016.02.010","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of 6 antimicrobial agents in helicobacter pylori clinical isolates by using EUCAST breakpoints compared with previously used breakpoints","volume":"35","author":"Alarcon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Enferm. 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