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Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Francisella tularensis<\/jats:italic>is a gram negative, intracellular pathogen that is the causative agent of the potentially fatal disease, tularemia. During infection,<jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>is engulfed by and replicates within host macrophages. Additionally, this bacterium has also been shown to invade human erythrocytes and, in both cases, the Type Six Secretion System (T6SS) is required for these host-pathogen interaction. One T6SS effector protein, PdpC, is important for macrophage infection, playing a role in phagolysosomal escape and intracellular replication. To determine if PdpC also plays a role in erythrocyte invasion, we constructed a<jats:italic>pdpC<\/jats:italic>-null mutant in the live vaccine strain,<jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>LVS. We show that PdpC is required for invasion of human and sheep erythrocytes during<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>assays and that reintroduction of a copy of<jats:italic>pdpC<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>in trans<\/jats:italic>, rescues this phenotype. The interaction with human erythrocytes was further characterized using double-immunofluorescence microscopy to show that PdpC is required for attachment of<jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>LVS to erythrocytes as well as invasion. To learn more about the role of PdpC in erythrocyte invasion we generated a strain of<jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>LVS expressing<jats:italic>pdpC-emgfp<\/jats:italic>. PdpC-EmGFP localizes as discrete foci in a subset of<jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>LVS cells grown in broth culture and accumulates in erythrocytes during invasion assays. Our results are the first example of a secreted effector protein of the T6SS shown to be involved in erythrocyte invasion and indicate that PdpC is secreted into erythrocytes during invasion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.979693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T07:53:35Z","timestamp":1664265215000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["PdpC, a secreted effector protein of the type six secretion system, is required for erythrocyte invasion by Francisella tularensis LVS"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Stuart","family":"Cantlay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kaftanic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Horzempa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOOD-2018-07-865451","article-title":"Human erythrocyte band 3 is a host receptor for plasmodium falciparum glutamic acid\u2013rich protein","volume":"133","author":"Almukadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3291","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.9.3291-3296.1991","article-title":"Growth of francisella spp. in rodent macrophages","volume":"59","author":"Anthony","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect. 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