{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T15:26:10Z","timestamp":1782487570263,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Association of gastric atrophy or cancer with levels of serum pepsinogens, gastrin-17 and anti-<jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> IgG antibody have been extensively studied. However, the association of serum pepsinogen and gastrin-17 with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection has not been studied in a large population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the impact of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection on serum levels of pepsinogens and gastrin-17.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 354, 972 subjects who underwent health check-ups were included. Serum levels of pepsinogens and gastrin-17 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay<jats:italic>. H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection was detected using <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C-urea breath test (UBT). Multivariable logistic regression analysis\u00a0was used to investigate the association of serum pepsinogen and gastrin-17 with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> prevalence was 33.18% in this study. The mean levels of pepsinogens and gastrin-17 were higher, while the mean pepsinogen-I\/II ratio were lower among <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-positive than -negative subjects. In <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-positive subjects, pepsinogen and gastrin-17 levels correlated positively, whereas the pepsinogen-I\/II ratio correlated negatively with UBT values (e.g., the mean serum level of pepsinogen-I in subjects with UBT values in the range of 100-499dpm, 500-1499dpm, and \u22651500dpm was 94.77 \u00b1 38.99, 102.77 \u00b1 43.59, and 111.53 \u00b1 47.47 ng\/mL, respectively). Compared with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-negative subjects, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of having pepsinogen-I \u2264 70 ng\/mL in the three <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-positive but with different UBT value groups was 0.31 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001), 0.16 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001), and 0.08 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001), respectively; while the aOR of having G-17&amp;gt;5.70 pmol\/L was 4.56 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001), 7.43 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001), and 7.12 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001). This suggested that <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-positive subjects with higher UBT values were less likely to have pepsinogen-I \u226470 ng\/mL (a serum marker for gastric atrophy), but more likely to have gastrin-17 &amp;gt;5.70 pmol\/L (a marker for peptic ulcer).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-positive subjects with higher UBT values are unlikely to have gastric atrophy, but may have greater risk of severe gastritis or peptic ulcers. Our study suggests that <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-positive patients with high UBT values may benefit the most from <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.980399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T10:28:11Z","timestamp":1660645691000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Association of serum pepsinogens and gastrin-17 with Helicobacter pylori infection assessed by urea breath test"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jun-peng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-hai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-wen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You-juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Benghezal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry James","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","article-title":"Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the international diabetes federation task force on epidemiology and prevention; national heart, lung, and blood institute; American heart association; world heart federation; international atherosclerosis society; and international association for the study of obesity","volume":"120","author":"Alberti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome\u2013a new world-wide definition. a consensus statement from the international diabetes federation","volume":"23","author":"Alberti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90156-S","article-title":"Relationship of helicobacter pylori to serum pepsinogens in an asymptomatic Japanese population","volume":"102","author":"Asaka","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8050657","article-title":"Prediction of chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric neoplasms by serum pepsinogen assay: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy","volume":"8","author":"Bang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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