{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:54:26Z","timestamp":1753890866797,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004421","name":"World Bank Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Ex vivo<\/jats:italic> phenotyping of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> erythrocyte invasion diversity is important in the identification and down selection of potential malaria vaccine targets. However, due to the lack of appropriate laboratory facilities in remote areas of endemic countries, direct processing of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> clinical isolates is usually not feasible. Here, we investigated the combined effect of short-term cryopreservation and thawing processes on the <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> invasion phenotypes of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> isolates. <jats:italic>Ex-vivo<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> invasion phenotyping assays were performed with <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> clinical isolates prior to or following culture adaptation, respectively. All isolates were genotyped at Day 0 for parasite clonality. Subsequently, isolates that were successfully culture-adapted were genotyped again at Days 7, 15, 21, and 28-post adaptation. Invasion phenotyping assays were performed in isogenic isolates revived at different time points (3, 6, and 12 months) post-cryopreservation and the resulting data were compared to that from <jats:italic>ex-vivo<\/jats:italic> invasion data of matched isogenic parental isolates. We also show that short-term culture adaptation selects for parasite clonality and could be a driving force for variation in invasion phenotypes as compared to <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> data where almost all parasite clones of a given isolate are present. Interestingly, our data show little variation in the parasites\u2019 invasion phenotype following short-term cryopreservation. Altogether, our data suggest that short-term cryopreservation of uncultured <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> clinical isolates is a reliable mechanism for storing parasites for future use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.997418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T09:51:26Z","timestamp":1663667486000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Short-term cryopreservation and thawing have minimal effects on Plasmodium falciparum ex vivo invasion profile"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Laty G.","family":"Thiam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Ansah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makhtar","family":"Niang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon A.","family":"Awandare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaw","family":"Aniweh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274?","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.11.009","article-title":"Malaria vaccine development: Focusing field erythrocyte invasion studies on phenotypic diversity: The West African merozoite invasion network (WAMIN)","volume":"32","author":"Ahouidi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24218-0","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum strains spontaneously switch invasion phenotype in suspension culture","volume":"8","author":"Awandare","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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