{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T03:27:21Z","timestamp":1789874841035,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\u201312367986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\u201312367986"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Anisakis pegreffii<\/jats:italic> is a sibling species within the <jats:italic>A. simplex<\/jats:italic> (s.l.) complex requiring marine homeothermic (mainly cetaceans) and heterothermic (crustaceans, fish, and cephalopods) organisms to complete its life cycle. It is also a zoonotic species, able to accidentally infect humans (anisakiasis). To investigate the molecular signals involved in this host-parasite interaction and pathogenesis, the proteomic composition of the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by the third-stage larvae (L3) of <jats:italic>A. pegreffii<\/jats:italic>, was characterized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetically identified L3 of <jats:italic>A. pegreffii<\/jats:italic> were maintained for 24\u00a0h at 37\u00b0C and EVs were isolated by serial centrifugation and ultracentrifugation of culture media. Proteomic analysis was performed by Shotgun Analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>EVs showed spherical shaped structure (size 65-295 nm). Proteomic results were blasted against the <jats:italic>A. pegreffii<\/jats:italic> specific transcriptomic database, and 153 unique proteins were identified. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis predicted several proteins belonging to distinct metabolic pathways. The similarity search employing selected parasitic nematodes database revealed that proteins associated with <jats:italic>A. pegreffii<\/jats:italic> EVs might be involved in parasite survival and adaptation, as well as in pathogenic processes. Further, a possible link between the <jats:italic>A. pegreffii<\/jats:italic> EVs proteins <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> those of human and cetaceans\u2019 hosts, were predicted by using HPIDB database. The results, herein described, expand knowledge concerning the proteins possibly implied in the host-parasite interactions between this parasite and its natural and accidental hosts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1079991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T05:18:03Z","timestamp":1678857483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Proteomic characterization of extracellular vesicles released by third stage larvae of the zoonotic parasite Anisakis pegreffii (Nematoda: Anisakidae)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Marialetizia","family":"Palomba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelia","family":"Rughetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Mignogna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Castrignan\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Masuelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Napoletano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Pinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Giorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Eugenia","family":"Schinin\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Maras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simonetta","family":"Mattiucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205496","article-title":"Harmonization of exosome isolation from culture supernatants for optimized proteomics analysis","volume":"13","author":"Abramowicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D373","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1007","article-title":"Website overhaul, conserved isoforms, ancestral gene order and more","volume":"492021","author":"Altenhoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"baw103","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baw103","article-title":"HPIDB 2.0: a curated database for host\u2013pathogen interactions","author":"Ammari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Database"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004845","article-title":"The Anisakis transcriptome provides a resource for fundamental and applied studies on allergy-causing parasites","volume":"10","author":"Baird","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS Negl. 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