{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:20:50Z","timestamp":1778775650386,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human adenovirus type 7 (HAdv-7) infection is the main cause of upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis and pneumonia in children. At present, there are no anti- adenovirus drugs or preventive vaccines in the market. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safe and effective anti-adenovirus type 7 vaccine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, In this study, we used the baculovirus-insect cell expression system to design a recombinant subunit vaccine expressing adenovirus type 7 hexon protein (rBV-hexon) to induce high-level humoral and cellular immune responses. To evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccine, we first detected the expression of molecular markers on the surface of antigen presenting cells and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. We then measured the levels of neutralizing antibodies and T cell activation <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that the rBV-hexon recombinant subunit vaccine could promote DC maturation and improve its antigen uptake capability, including the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathway which upregulated the expression of MHCI, CD80, CD86 and cytokines. The vaccine also triggered a strong neutralizing antibody and cellular immune response, and activated T lymphocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Therefore, the recombinant subunit vaccine rBV-hexon promoted promotes humoral and cellular immune responses, thereby has the potential to become a vaccine against HAdv-7.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1117230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T04:37:30Z","timestamp":1681274250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Human adenovirus type 7 subunit vaccine induces dendritic cell maturation through the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathway is highly immunogenic"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yaru","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renshuang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiru","family":"Xiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanzhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaojie","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenchen","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinbo","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jicheng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yilong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiquan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111330","article-title":"Effective drugs used to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and the current status of vaccines","volume":"137","author":"Awadasseid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicine pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine Pharmacotherapie"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz060","article-title":"Outbreak of respiratory illness associated with human adenovirus type 7 among persons attending officer candidates school, quantico, virgini","volume":"221","author":"Bautista-Gogel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005857","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus exploits a non-ribosomal cyclic dipeptide to modulate survival within epithelial cells and phagocytes","volume":"12","author":"Blattner","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.3201\/1708.101760","article-title":"Deaths associated with human adenovirus-14p1 infections, Europe 2009-2010","volume":"17","author":"Carr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerging Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.3390\/v12121351","article-title":"Adenovirus-extracellular protein interactions and their impact on innate immune responses by human mononuclear phagocytes","volume":"12","author":"Cheneau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02517-14","article-title":"Human adenovirus type 7 infection associated with severe and fatal acute lower respiratory illness and nosocomial transmission","volume":"53","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00052-07","article-title":"Adenoviruses in immunocompromised hosts","volume":"21","author":"Echavarria","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trv042","article-title":"Epidemiology of adenovirus respiratory infections among hospitalized children in seremban, Malaysia","volume":"109","author":"Foong Ng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hygiene"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2204.151595","article-title":"Adenovirus type 7 pneumonia in children who died from measles-associated pneumonia, Hanoi, Vietnam 2014","volume":"22","author":"Hai le","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerging Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.781718","article-title":"GII.P16-GII.2 recombinant norovirus VLPs polarize macrophages into the M1 phenotype for Th1 immune responses","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1086\/427513","article-title":"Immune reconstitution and clearance of human adenovirus viremia in pediatric stem-cell recipients","volume":"191","author":"Heemskerk","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3123","article-title":"Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system","volume":"16","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.05.006","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity","volume":"34","author":"Kawai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12697","article-title":"Nanoparticles in influenza subunit vaccine development: Immunogenicity enhancement","volume":"14","author":"Khalaj-Hedayati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Influenza other Respir. viruses"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.03.067","article-title":"An experimental subunit vaccine based on bluetongue virus 4 VP2 protein fused to an antigen-presenting cells single chain antibody elicits cellular and humoral immune responses in cattle, guinea pigs and IFNAR(-\/-) mice","volume":"33","author":"Legisa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.01.013","article-title":"Seven major genomic deletions of vaccinia virus tiantan strain are sufficient to decrease pathogenicity","volume":"129","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.684606","article-title":"Human adenovirus type 7 infections in hubei, China during 2018-2019: Epidemic features and genetic characterization of the detected viruses","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2022.01.010","article-title":"Analysis of severe human adenovirus infection outbreak in guangdong province, southern China in 2019","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/79734","article-title":"Dendritic cell regulation of TH1-TH2 development","volume":"1","author":"Moser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10540","article-title":"Dendritic cells control lymphocyte entry to lymph nodes through high endothelial venules","volume":"479","author":"Moussion","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1223","article-title":"Selected toll-like receptor agonist combinations synergistically trigger a T helper type 1-polarizing program in dendritic cells","volume":"6","author":"Napolitani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36908-z","article-title":"Beta variant COVID-19 protein booster vaccine elicits durable cross-neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants in non-human primates","volume":"14","author":"Pavot","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.4.3.399-406.1984","article-title":"Strong and regulated expression of escherichia coli beta-galactosidase in insect cells with a baculovirus vector","volume":"4","author":"Pennock","year":"1984","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.699025","article-title":"Cell-free glycoengineering of the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein","volume":"9","author":"Ruhnau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. bioengineering Biotechnol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.12.062","article-title":"Vaccine-preventable adenoviral respiratory illness in US military recruits 1999-2004","volume":"24","author":"Russell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1637\/12017-122618-Reg.1","article-title":"Efficacy of bivalent inactivated vaccine containing insect cell-expressed avian influenza H5 and egg-based Newcastle disease virus (NDV) against dual infection with highly pathogenic H5N1 and velogenic NDV in chickens","volume":"63","author":"Said","year":"2019","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.10.013","article-title":"A subunit vaccine against hydropericardium syndrome using adenovirus penton capsid protein","volume":"30","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0156984","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156984","article-title":"Human adenovirus serotype 3 vector packaged by a rare serotype 14 hexon","volume":"11","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00182-12","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of human adenovirus type 7 associated with fatal infant pneumonia","volume":"1","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome announcements"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1811.120629","article-title":"Community outbreak of adenovirus, taiwa","volume":"18","author":"Tsou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerging Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-014-2308-8","article-title":"Epidemical features of HAdV-3 and HAdV-7 in pediatric pneumonia in chongqing, China","volume":"160","author":"Wo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3390\/v14050925","article-title":"Investigation of avian influenza H5N6 virus-like particles as a broad-spectrum vaccine candidate against H5Nx viruses","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2012.12.014","article-title":"Characteristics of neutralizing antibodies to adenovirus capsid proteins in human and animal sera","volume":"437","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3109\/23744235.2015.1055585","article-title":"Fatal pneumonia cases caused by human adenovirus 55 in immunocompetent adults","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10468","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.19.10468-10478.2003","article-title":"Identification of the receptor binding domain of the mouse mammary tumor virus envelope protein","volume":"77","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1117230\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T04:37:33Z","timestamp":1681274253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1117230\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1117230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1117230","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"article-number":"1117230"}}