{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:38:16Z","timestamp":1790876296104,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> is a grave nosocomial pathogen that persistently inhabits the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and causes various chronic infections. The bacterial toxin\u2013antitoxin (TA) system is associated with latent and long-term infections, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully characterized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We here investigated the diversity and function of five genomic type II TA systems widely distributed among <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> clinical isolates. We also examined the distinct structural features of the toxin protein from different TA systems and characterized their contributions to persistence, invasion ability, and intracellular infection caused by <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ParDE, PA1030\/PA1029, and HigBA could modulate persister cell formation under treatment with specific antibiotics. Furthermore, cell-based transcriptional and invasion assays revealed that PA1030\/PA1029 and HigBA TA systems were critical for intracellular survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results highlight the prevalence and diverse roles of type II TA systems in <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> and evaluate the possibility of using PA1030\/PA1029 and HigBA TA pairs as targets for novel antibiotic treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1127786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T11:51:25Z","timestamp":1675943485000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparative analysis of five type II TA systems identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals their contributions to persistence and intracellular survival"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba6944","article-title":"VapBC22 toxin-antitoxin system from mycobacterium tuberculosis is required for pathogenesis and modulation of host immune response","volume":"6","author":"Agarwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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