{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:34:24Z","timestamp":1787790864469,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":252,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The pathogenicity of <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>, the causative agent of Legionnaires\u2019 disease, depends on an arsenal of interacting proteins. Here we describe how surface-associated and secreted virulence factors of this pathogen interact with each other or target extra- and intracellular host proteins resulting in host cell manipulation and tissue colonization. Since progress of computational methods like AlphaFold, molecular dynamics simulation, and docking allows to predict, analyze and evaluate experimental proteomic and interactomic data, we describe how the combination of these approaches generated new insights into the multifaceted \u201cprotein sociology\u201d of the zinc metalloprotease ProA and the peptidyl-prolyl <jats:italic>cis\/trans<\/jats:italic> isomerase Mip (macrophage infectivity potentiator). Both virulence factors of <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic> interact with numerous proteins including bacterial flagellin (FlaA) and host collagen, and play important roles in virulence regulation, host tissue degradation and immune evasion. The recent progress in protein-ligand analyses of virulence factors suggests that machine learning will also have a beneficial impact in early stages of drug discovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1140688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T04:39:43Z","timestamp":1677731983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Protein sociology of ProA, Mip and other secreted virulence factors at the Legionella pneumophila surface"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Scheithauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa Safa","family":"Karag\u00f6z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin E.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Steinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.62.6.2022-2028.1996","article-title":"The phagosome containing Legionella pneumophila within the protozoan Hartmannella vermiformis is surrounded by the rough endoplasmic reticulum","volume":"62","author":"Abu Kwaik","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. 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