{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T18:14:59Z","timestamp":1768414499999,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection is one of the important causes of death in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. At present, there are few articles focused on the detailed analysis of pathogenic microorganisms detected in different therapy periods of critically ill patients supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From October 2020 to October 2022, ECMO-assisted patients who underwent multiple times of both metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) test and conventional culture were enrolled continuously in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The baseline data, laboratory test results, and pathogenic microorganisms detected by mNGS and traditional culture in different time periods were recorded and analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present study, 62 patients were included finally. According to whether the patients survived at discharge, they were divided into the survivor group (n = 24) and the non-survivor group (n = 38). Then, according to the different types of ECMO support, they were divided into the veno-venous ECMO (VV ECMO) group (n = 43) and the veno-arterial ECMO (VA ECMO) group (n = 19). The summit period of specimens of traditional culture and mNGS detection of ECMO patients was 7 days after admission, and the largest number of specimens of surviving patients appeared after ECMO withdrawal. The total number of traditional culture specimens was 1,249, the positive rate was 30.4% (380\/1,249), and the positive rate of mNGS was 79.6% (82\/103). A total of 28 kinds of pathogenic microorganisms were cultured from conventional culture, and 58 kinds of pathogenic microorganisms were detected by mNGS, including <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic>. In conventional culture, the most frequent Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungi were <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Corynebacterium striatum<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic>, and those with the highest frequency of occurrence in mNGS detection were <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Throughout the whole treatment process, different kinds of suspicious biological specimens of high-infection-risk ICU patients supported by ECMO should undergo both mNGS detection and traditional culture early and repeatedly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1146088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T05:34:12Z","timestamp":1681709652000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of mNGS and conventional culture in non-organ transplant critically ill patients supported by ECMO: a single-center study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin-Peng","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo-Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Zhen","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang-Chao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Nosocomial infections acquired by patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"19","author":"Austin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Care Resusc."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3181e28894","article-title":"Extracorporeal life support organization task force on infections, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Infections acquired during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonates, children, and adults","volume":"12","author":"Bizzarro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2017.12.014","article-title":"Encephalitis diagnosis using metagenomics: Application of next generation sequencing for undiagnosed cases","volume":"76","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1086\/515200","article-title":"Nosocomial infections in adult patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"28","author":"Burket","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01113-19","article-title":"Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for identification and quantitation of transplant-related DNA viruses","volume":"57","author":"Carpenter","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.541092","article-title":"Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of pulmonary infectious pathogens from bronchoalveolar lavage samples","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.03.007","article-title":"Detection of pathogens from resected heart valves of patients with infective endocarditis by next-generation sequencing","volume":"83","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002652","article-title":"Nosocomial infections during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Incidence, etiology, and impact on patients\u2019 outcome","volume":"45","author":"Grasselli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.11.038","article-title":"Venoarterial ECMO for adults","volume":"73","author":"Guglin","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06635-y","article-title":"Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv-ECMO) for severe respiratory failure in adult cancer patients: A retrospective multicenter analysis","volume":"48","author":"Kochanek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03397-1","article-title":"Antibiotic therapeutic drug monitoring in intensive care patients treated with different modalities of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and renal replacement therapy: A prospective, observational single-center study","volume":"24","author":"K\u00fchn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e004337","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.116.00433","article-title":"Percutaneous mechanical circulatory support devices in cardiogenic shock","volume":"10","author":"Mandawat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ-Cardiovasc Inte."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-021-01796-8","article-title":"Chronic respiratory disease and survival outcomes after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"22","author":"Oh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.12.003","article-title":"Expert consensus on assisting adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis783","article-title":"Nosocomial infections in adult cardiogenic shock patients supported by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"55","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201404-0736CI","article-title":"Extracorporeal life support in critically ill adults","volume":"190","author":"Ventetuolo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Amer J. Resp. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.686512","article-title":"Legionella pneumophilaEarly detection of and by mNGS in a critically ill patient with pneumonia after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment: Case report and literature review","volume":"8","author":"Yue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02360-6","article-title":"Clinical application and evaluation of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in suspected adult central nervous system infection","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1146088\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T05:36:14Z","timestamp":1681709774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1146088\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1146088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1146088","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"article-number":"1146088"}}