{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:18:51Z","timestamp":1789712331550,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania aethiopica<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a zoonotic Old World parasite transmitted by Phlebotomine sand flies and causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia and Kenya. Despite a range of clinical manifestations and a high prevalence of treatment failure,\n                    <jats:italic>L. aethiopica<\/jats:italic>\n                    is one of the most neglected species of the\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    genus in terms of scientific attention. Here, we explored the genome diversity of\n                    <jats:italic>L. aethiopica<\/jats:italic>\n                    by analyzing the genomes of twenty isolates from Ethiopia. Phylogenomic analyses identified two strains as interspecific hybrids involving\n                    <jats:italic>L. aethiopica<\/jats:italic>\n                    as one parent and\n                    <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic>\n                    respectively as the other parent. High levels of genome-wide heterozygosity suggest that these two hybrids are equivalent to F1 progeny that propagated mitotically since the initial hybridization event. Analyses of allelic read depths further revealed that the\n                    <jats:italic>L. aethiopica<\/jats:italic>\n                    -\n                    <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic>\n                    hybrid was diploid and the\n                    <jats:italic>L. aethiopica<\/jats:italic>\n                    -\n                    <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                    hybrid was triploid, as has been described for other interspecific\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    hybrids. When focusing on\n                    <jats:italic>L. aethiopica<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we show that this species is genetically highly diverse and consists of both asexually evolving strains and groups of recombining parasites. A remarkable observation is that some\n                    <jats:italic>L. aethiopica<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains showed an extensive loss of heterozygosity across large regions of the nuclear genome, which likely arose from gene conversion\/mitotic recombination. Hence, our prospection of\n                    <jats:italic>L. aethiopica<\/jats:italic>\n                    genomics revealed new insights into the genomic consequences of both meiotic and mitotic recombination in\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1147998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T17:52:02Z","timestamp":1682013122000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Genome diversity of Leishmania aethiopica"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Amber","family":"Hadermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senne","family":"Heeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilse","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Claude","family":"Dujardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata Anna","family":"Domagalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Van den Broeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(73)90088-6","article-title":"The epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia","volume":"67","author":"Ashford","year":"1973","journal-title":"Trans. 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