{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T07:17:30Z","timestamp":1778570250586,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Prototheca<\/jats:italic> species are the only microalgae known to cause opportunistic infections in vertebrates and humans. Most cases of protothecosis in humans are caused by <jats:italic>Prototheca wickerhamii<\/jats:italic>, but knowledge of the pathogenicity and biology of <jats:italic>Prototheca<\/jats:italic> is limited. Globally, the diagnostic rate of <jats:italic>Prototheca<\/jats:italic> species infection is much lower than the actual rate of <jats:italic>P. wickerhamii<\/jats:italic>. The precise mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of <jats:italic>Prototheca<\/jats:italic> infections remain unclear. In this study, we identified a strain of <jats:italic>P. wickerhamii<\/jats:italic> with atypical colony morphology. To reveal the morphological differences between <jats:italic>P. wickerhamii<\/jats:italic> S1 (mucous) and the molecular basis of its pathogenicity, the transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics of two pathogenic <jats:italic>P. wickerhamii<\/jats:italic> strains and one environmental strain were analysed. Interestingly, mannan endo-1,4-\u03b2-mannosidase was significantly downregulated in <jats:italic>P. wickerhamii<\/jats:italic> S1, which contributes to a thinner cell wall in S1 compared to strains with typical colony morphology, and the toxicity of macrophages is reduced. Metabolite analysis revealed that the mucoid appearance of <jats:italic>P. wickerhamii<\/jats:italic> S1 may have been caused by an increase in linoleic acid, glycerol, and other metabolites. There is still a need to better understand the ecology, aetiology, and pathogenesis of <jats:italic>P. wickerhamii<\/jats:italic>, and in particular, its transmission between humans, animals, and the environment, from a One Health perspective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1152198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T05:55:00Z","timestamp":1683266100000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Integration of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics data for the detection of the human pathogenic Prototheca wickerhamii from a One Health perspective"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cizhong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-021-07491-8","article-title":"A first insight into the genome of prototheca wickerhamii, a major causative agent of human protothecosis","volume":"22","author":"Baku\u0142a","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","article-title":"Fast gapped-read alignment with bowtie 2","volume":"9","author":"Ben","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. 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