{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:39:31Z","timestamp":1790285971890,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) has increased in recent years. However, the clinical and immunologic characteristics of NTM-PD patients have received little attention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NTM strains, clinical symptoms, underlying diseases, lung CT findings, lymphocyte subsets, and drug susceptibility tests (DSTs) of NTM-PD patients were investigated. Then, the counts of immune cells of NTM-PD patients and their correlation were evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      135 NTM-PD patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled from 2015 to 2021 in a certain tertiary hospital in Beijing. The number of NTM-PD patients increased every year, and\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium intracellulare<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>M. intracellulare<\/jats:italic>\n                      ),\n                      <jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>M. kansasii<\/jats:italic>\n                      were the major pathogens of NTM-PD. The main clinical symptoms of NTM-PD patients were cough and sputum production, and the primary lung CT findings were thin-walled cavity, bronchiectasis, and nodules. In addition, we identified 23 clinical isolates from 87 NTM-PD patients with strain records. The DST showed that almost all of\n                      <jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>M. avium and<\/jats:italic>\n                      more than half of the\n                      <jats:italic>M. intracellulare<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex groups were resistant to anti-tuberculosis drugs tested in this study.\n                      <jats:italic>M. xenopi<\/jats:italic>\n                      was resistant to all aminoglycosides.\n                      <jats:italic>M. kansasii<\/jats:italic>\n                      was 100% resistant to kanamycin, capreomycin, amikacin, and para-aminosalicylic acid, and sensitive to streptomycin, ethambutol, levofloxacin, azithromycin, and rifamycin. Compared to other drugs, low resistance to rifabutin and azithromycin was observed among NTM-PD isolates. Furthermore, the absolute counts of innate and adaptive immune cells in NTM-PD patients were significantly lower than those in HCs. PCA and correlation analysis revealed that total T, CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T lymphocytes played an essential role in the protective immunity of NTM-PD patients, and there was a robust positive correlation between them.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of NTM-PD increased annually in Beijing. Individuals with bronchiectasis and COPD have been shown to be highly susceptible to NTM-PD. NTM-PD patients is characterized by compromised immune function, non-specific clinical symptoms, high drug resistance, thin-walled cavity damage on imaging, as well as significantly reduced numbers of both innate and adaptive immune cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1205225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T05:12:23Z","timestamp":1687410743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Clinical characteristics of patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a seven-year follow-up study conducted in a certain tertiary hospital in Beijing"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingli","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiru","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donglin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiebai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenping","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2012.04614.x","article-title":"Is interferon-gamma the right marker for bacille calmette-guerin-induced immune protection? the missing link in our understanding of tuberculosis immunology","volume":"169","author":"Abebe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-023-00562-6","article-title":"The roles of neutrophils in non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease","volume":"22","author":"Alkarni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112147-20200508-00570","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease (2020 edition)","volume":"43","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Tuberculosis. Respir."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01417","article-title":"Alpha-1-Antitrypsin enhances primary human macrophage immunity against non-tuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"10","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00779-w","article-title":"Soil microbiomes and one health","volume":"21","author":"Banerjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-6111-1_8","article-title":"Antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells and protective immunity to tuberculosis","volume":"783","author":"Behar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-022-03046-6","article-title":"Prevalence and retrospective insight on tuberculosis in human patients in cross river state, nigeria; one health approach to its control","volume":"79","author":"Bikom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"B8","first-page":"6","article-title":"Imaging diagnostic criteria of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease","volume":"8","author":"Budong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. Res. Hospitals."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.884446","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and mortality of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in immunocompromised vs. immunocompetent hosts","volume":"9","author":"Chai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7020027","article-title":"Factors associated with treatment outcome in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a Large population-based retrospective cohort study in shanghai","volume":"7","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1102578","article-title":"Bioinformatics analysis and consistency verification of a novel tuberculosis vaccine candidate HP13138PB","volume":"14","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10091861","article-title":"Identification and characterisation of nontuberculous mycobacteria in African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer), south Africa","volume":"10","author":"Clarke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B13","volume-title":"Susceptibility testing of mycobacteria, nocardia spp., and other aerobic actinomycetes","year":"2011"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.202100492","article-title":"Quinoxaline-based efflux pump inhibitors restore drug susceptibility in drug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"355","author":"Corona","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. (Weinheim)."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13035","article-title":"Non-tuberculous mycobacteria immunopathogenesis: closer than they appear. a prime of innate immunity trade-off and NTM ways into virulence","volume":"94","author":"Cruz-Aguilar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa241","article-title":"Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an official ATS\/ERS\/ESCMID\/IDSA clinical practice guideline","volume":"71","author":"Daley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010428","article-title":"One health and surveillance of zoonotic tuberculosis in selected low-income, middle-income and high-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"de Macedo Couto","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602109","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02109-2016","article-title":"Burden of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease in Germany","volume":"49","author":"Diel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.15212\/zoonoses-2022-0037","article-title":"One health approach for the control of zoonotic diseases","volume":"2","author":"Erkyihun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Zoonoses."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/s0272-5231(02)00014-x","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacteria in the environment","volume":"23","author":"Falkinham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Chest. Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0807","article-title":"Mortality among patients with pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria disease","volume":"20","author":"Fleshner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000610","article-title":"Chest computed tomography features of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease versus asymptomatic colonization: a cross-sectional cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Garcia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Imaging"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2020.100156","article-title":"Risk factors of tuberculosis in human and its association with cattle TB in Nepal: a one health approach","volume":"10","author":"Gompo","year":"2020","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.830497","article-title":"Peptide-based vaccines for tuberculosis","volume":"13","author":"Gong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-020-00667-6","article-title":"Of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections - a comparative analysis of epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"27","author":"Gopalaswamy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. BioMed. Sci."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.5.1271","article-title":"Clinical features of pulmonary disease caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria. an analysis of 154 patients","volume":"147","author":"Griffith","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2014.11.002","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacteria infections in immunosuppressed hosts","volume":"36","author":"Henkle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Chest. Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00149212","article-title":"The geographic diversity of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from pulmonary samples: an NTM-NET collaborative study","volume":"42","author":"Hoefsloot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4412-6","article-title":"Characterization of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease in nanjing district of China","volume":"19","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2018.0026","article-title":"Infection source and epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease","volume":"82","author":"Jeon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tuberc. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900798","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00798-2019","article-title":"Prognostic factors associated with long-term mortality in 1445 patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a 15-year follow-up study","volume":"55","author":"Jhun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0616-y","article-title":"Species diversity of non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated from humans, livestock and wildlife in the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania","volume":"14","author":"Katale","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad108","article-title":"Impact of treatment on long-term survival of patients with mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2023.38.e46","article-title":"The clinical course and prognosis of patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease after solid organ transplantation","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Korean. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800123","article-title":"NK cell-derived IFN-gamma protects against nontuberculous mycobacterial lung infection","volume":"201","author":"Lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-021-04236-z","article-title":"Exploratory development of PCR-fluorescent probes in rapid detection of mutations associated with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"40","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7030090","article-title":"Mycobacterium abscessus: environmental bacterium turned clinical nightmare","volume":"7","author":"Lopeman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8010050","article-title":"Clinical features of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease in the Yangtze river delta of China: a single-center, retrospective, observational study","volume":"8","author":"Lou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201303-067OC","article-title":"A steady increase in nontuberculous mycobacteriosis mortality and estimated prevalence in Japan","volume":"11","author":"Morimoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2014.10.008","article-title":"Sarcoidosis: role of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria and mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"3","author":"Mortaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mycobacteriol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.10.015","article-title":"Unraveling antibiotic resistance mechanisms in mycobacterium abscessus: the potential role of efflux pumps","volume":"31","author":"Mudde","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.01.002","article-title":"RNA Expression analysis of efflux pump genes in clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in south Korea","volume":"49","author":"Oh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2019.395","article-title":"Age- and sex-related characteristics of the increasing trend of nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease in a tertiary hospital in south Korea from 2006 to 2016","volume":"35","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.931876","article-title":"Modulating macrophage function to reinforce host innate resistance against mycobacterium avium complex infection","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10081516","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacteria: ecology and impact on animal and human health","volume":"10","author":"Pavlik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13010116","article-title":"Immunoinformatic-based multi-epitope vaccine design for co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2","volume":"13","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2014.10.002","article-title":"Epidemiology of human pulmonary infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria: a review","volume":"36","author":"Prevots","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Chest. Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3559-x","article-title":"A retrospective study of factors associated with treatment decision for nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in adults without altered systemic immunity","volume":"18","author":"Provoost","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105943","article-title":"Stress-induced non-replicating mycobacterium smegmatis incorporates exogenous fatty acids into glycopeptidolipids","volume":"174","author":"Ratna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2018.04.004","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"102","author":"Rice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2206.151642","article-title":"Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease, Germany, 2009-2014","volume":"22","author":"Ringshausen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.09.0695","article-title":"Mycobacterium avium and modulation of the host macrophage immune mechanisms","volume":"15","author":"Rocco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00207-2021","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00207-2021","article-title":"The epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease in the Netherlands","volume":"7","author":"Schildkraut","year":"2021","journal-title":"ERJ. Open Res."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_902_20","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnosis & treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases","volume":"152","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2020.05.003","article-title":"Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency associated COPD","volume":"41","author":"Strange","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Chest. Med."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41486","article-title":"Rapid sputum multiplex detection of the m. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and resistance mutations for eight antibiotics by nucleotide MALDI-TOF MS","volume":"7","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.05.019","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease and associated risk factors in China: a prospective surveillance study","volume":"83","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-018-0728-z","article-title":"Epidemiology of pulmonary disease due to nontuberculous mycobacteria in southern China, 2013-2016","volume":"18","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. Med."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2022.02.004","article-title":"Non-tuberculous mycobacteria, not mycobacterium bovis, are a significant cause of TB-like lesions observed in slaughtered cattle in Ghana","volume":"3","author":"Tingan","year":"2022","journal-title":"IJID. Reg."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082541","article-title":"General overview of nontuberculous mycobacteria opportunistic pathogens: mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium abscessus","volume":"9","author":"To","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.4314\/mmj.v33i1.10","article-title":"Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease identified during community-based screening for mycobacterium tuberculosis: a case report","volume":"33","author":"Twabi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malawi. Med. J."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02299-w","article-title":"Meeting the challenges of NTM-PD from the perspective of the organism and the disease process: innovations in drug development and delivery","volume":"23","author":"van der Laan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1083497","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary diseases by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in non-referral hospitals","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001358","article-title":"Difference in drug susceptibility distribution and clinical characteristics between mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare lung diseases in shanghai, China","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1159\/000445906","article-title":"Pulmonary disease caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"91","author":"Wassilew","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201804-236OC","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in a Large U.S. managed care health plan, 2008-2015","volume":"17","author":"Winthrop","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819001626","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in the zhejiang province of China","volume":"147","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.994745","article-title":"The impact of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in the environment on one health approach","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"B69","volume-title":"Testing procedures for tuberculosis laboratory","author":"Zhao","year":"2015"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01887","article-title":"New single gene differential biomarker for mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and non-tuberculosis mycobacteria","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fny085","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fny085","article-title":"Climate change and one health","volume":"365","author":"Zinsstag","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1205225\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T05:12:32Z","timestamp":1687410752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1205225\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1205225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1205225","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]},"article-number":"1205225"}}