{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T22:27:21Z","timestamp":1780093641596,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nocardiosis is an infectious disease caused by <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> that primarily affects immunocompromised hosts. <jats:italic>Mycobacterium abscessus<\/jats:italic> is a common opportunistic pathogen that causes disease in humans, including pulmonary and extrapulmonary infection. <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> spp. infection is uncommon, and infection with <jats:italic>Nocardia wallacei<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Mycobacterium abscessus<\/jats:italic> is even rarer. A 59-year-old immunocompetent woman with risk factors for environmental exposure developed nocardiosis and presented to the hospital with a cough, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, and a back abscess. An enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed partial destruction of the right lung, as well as consolidation of the right upper lobe. Rare pathogens <jats:italic>N. wallacei<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Mycobacterium abscessus<\/jats:italic> were detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) from abscess on the back and lung puncture tissue, respectively. She was treated with a combination of antibiotics and was finally discharged with a good prognosis. In this case, we present a patient who was successfully diagnosed with <jats:italic>N. wallacei<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Mycobacterium abscessus<\/jats:italic> infection using mNGS. This importance of using mNGS in pathogen detection and the effective use of antibiotics in treating patients with long-term rare infections is highlighted in this report.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1229298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T12:21:27Z","timestamp":1692274887000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A complicated infection by cutaneous Nocardia wallacei and pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus in a Chinese immunocompetent patient: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ling","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.06.006","article-title":"Mycobacterium abscessus","volume":"29","author":"Boudehen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8699","article-title":"Stepwise pathogenic evolution of Mycobacterium abscessus","volume":"372","author":"Bryant","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-7-103","article-title":"Sulfonamide resistance in a disseminated infection caused by Nocardia wallacei: a case report","volume":"7","author":"Cassir","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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