{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:19:47Z","timestamp":1787163587944,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFRS) is a life-threatening infection that can occur in immunocompromised patients, including those with COVID-19. Although Mucorales and\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species are the most common causes of IFRS, infections caused by other fungi such as\n                    <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                    are rare. In this report, we present three cases of proven rhinosinusitis fusariosis that occurred during or after COVID-19 infection. The diagnosis was confirmed through microscopy, pathology, and culture, and species identification of the isolates was performed by DNA sequencing the entire ITS1-5.8 rRNA-ITS2 region and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1\u03b1). Antifungal susceptibility testing was conducted according to CLSI guidelines. The causative agents were identified as\n                    <jats:italic>Fusarium proliferatum, F. oxysporum + Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>F. solani\/falciforme.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Treatment involved the administration of antifungal medication and endoscopic sinus surgery to remove the affected mucosa, leading to the successful resolution of the infections. However, one patient experienced a recurrence of IFRS caused by\n                    <jats:italic>A. flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                    15 months later. Early diagnosis and timely medical and surgical treatment are crucial in reducing mortality rates associated with invasive fusariosis. Additionally, the cautious use of corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients is highly recommended.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1247491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T14:03:59Z","timestamp":1694700239000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Invasive Fusarium rhinosinusitis in COVID-19 patients: report of three cases with successful management"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mahzad","family":"Erami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shima","family":"Aboutalebian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Jamal","family":"Hashemi Hezaveh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir Hassan","family":"Matini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansooreh","family":"Momen-Heravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir Hossein","family":"Ahsaniarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirin Shafaee","family":"Arani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Ganjizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Mirhendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.644060","article-title":"Direct detection and identification of the most common bacteria and fungi causing otitis externa by a stepwise multiplex PCR","volume":"11","author":"Aboutalebian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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