{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:02:56Z","timestamp":1789470176562,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017596","name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>An extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-hypervirulent <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (HvKP) strain HKE9 was isolated from the blood in an outpatient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of the global regulatory factor RpoS on antimicrobial resistance, pathogenicity, and environmental adaptability was elucidated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>HKE9 is a novel ST3355 (K20\/O2a) hypervirulent strain with a positive string test and resistant to cephems except cefotetan. It has a genome size of 5.6M, including two plasmids. CTX-M-15 was found in plasmid 2, and only <jats:italic>ompk37<\/jats:italic> was found in the chromosome. HKE9 could produce bacterial siderophores, and genes of enterobactin, yersiniabactin, aerobactin, and salmochelin have been retrieved in the genome. As a global regulatory factor, knockout of <jats:italic>rpoS<\/jats:italic> did not change antimicrobial resistance or hemolytic phenotype while increasing the virulence to <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic> larvae and showing higher viscosity. Moreover, <jats:italic>rpoS<\/jats:italic> knockout can increase bacterial competitiveness and cell adhesion ability. Interestingly, HKE9-M-rpoS decreased resistance to acidic pH, high osmotic pressure, heat shock, and ultraviolet and became sensitive to disinfectants (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, alcohol, and sodium hypochlorite). Although there were 13 Type 6 secretion system (T6SS) core genes divided into two segments with <jats:italic>tle1<\/jats:italic> between segments in the chromosome, transcriptomic analysis showed that <jats:italic>rpoS<\/jats:italic> negatively regulated T4SS located on plasmid 2, type 1, and type 3 fimbriae and positively regulate genes responsible for acidic response, hyperosmotic pressure, heat shock, oxidative stress, alcohol and hypochlorous acid metabolism, and quorum sensing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, this novel ST3355 ESBL-HvKP strain HKE9 may spread via various clonal types. The important regulation effect of <jats:italic>rpoS<\/jats:italic> is the enhanced tolerance and resistance to environmental stress and disinfectants, which may be at the cost of reducing virulence and regulated by T4SS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1259472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T21:04:25Z","timestamp":1698095065000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Transcriptomic and phenotype analysis revealed the role of rpoS in stress resistance and virulence of a novel ST3355 ESBL-producing hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyou","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingdan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Da","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.01.068","article-title":"The DJ-1 superfamily members YhbO and YajL from Escherichia coli repair proteins from glycation by methylglyoxal and glyoxal","volume":"470","author":"Abdallah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. 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