{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T22:57:10Z","timestamp":1773183430756,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The apicomplexan parasite <jats:italic>Cystoisospora suis<\/jats:italic> has global significance as an enteropathogen of suckling piglets. Its intricate life cycle entails a transition from an asexual phase to sexual development, ultimately leading to the formation of transmissible oocysts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To advance our understanding of the parasite\u2019s cellular development, we complemented previous transcriptome studies by delving into the proteome profiles at five distinct time points of <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> cultivation through LC\/MS-MS analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,324 proteins were identified in the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> developmental stages of <jats:italic>C. suis<\/jats:italic>, and 1,082 proteins were identified as significantly differentially expressed. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD045050. We performed BLAST, GO enrichment, and KEGG pathway analyses on the up- and downregulated proteins to elucidate correlated events in the <jats:italic>C. suis<\/jats:italic> life cycle. Our analyses revealed intriguing metabolic patterns in macromolecule metabolism, DNA- and RNA-related processes, proteins associated with sexual stages, and those involved in cell invasion, reflecting the adaptation of sexual stages to a nutrient-poor and potentially stressful extracellular environment, with a focus on enzymes involved in metabolism and energy production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings have important implications for understanding the developmental biology of <jats:italic>C. suis<\/jats:italic> as well as other, related coccidian parasites, such as <jats:italic>Eimeria<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>. They also support the role of <jats:italic>C. suis<\/jats:italic> as a new model for the comparative biology of coccidian tissue cyst stages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1271731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T06:17:13Z","timestamp":1698301033000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Unravelling the sexual developmental biology of Cystoisospora suis, a model for comparative coccidian parasite studies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Cruz-Bustos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlies","family":"Dolezal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Sophia","family":"Feix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00e4rbel","family":"Ruttkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Razzazi-Fazeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Joachim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.072","article-title":"Division and adaptation to host environment of apicomplexan parasites depend on apicoplast lipid metabolic plasticity and host organelle remodeling","volume":"30","author":"Amiar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04445-z","article-title":"The life-cycle of Toxoplasma gondii reviewed using animations","volume":"13","author":"Attias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasites vectors."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001","article-title":"Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal","volume":"68","author":"Barr","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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