{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:48:00Z","timestamp":1791726480739,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Candidemia caused by rare and uncommon <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species is becoming more prevalent in pediatric healthcare settings, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. One such species, <jats:italic>Candida palmioleophila<\/jats:italic>, is resistant to fluconazole but highly susceptible to echinocandins. Here, we report the first documented case of <jats:italic>C. palmioleophila<\/jats:italic> candidemia in Iran that occurred in a male infant with biliary atresia who had been hospitalized for 2 months. The patient\u2019s blood and urine cultures were positive for both yeast and bacterial species. Through DNA sequence analysis, the yeast isolate was identified as <jats:italic>C. palmioleophila<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> antifungal susceptibility testing of the isolate against amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, isavuconazole, posaconazole, and nystatin revealed MIC values of 2, 16, 0.25, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, and 4 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively, and minimum effective concentration for caspofungin was 0.031 \u03bcg\/mL. Despite receiving antibacterial and antifungal therapies, the patient unfortunately expired due to bradycardia and hypoxemia. Proper identification and epidemiological surveillance studies are needed to understand the exact prevalence of these emerging yeast pathogens. Previously reported cases of <jats:italic>C. palmioleophila<\/jats:italic> infection, primarily associated with bloodstream infections and catheter-related candidemia, were reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1277607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T16:56:26Z","timestamp":1698944186000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Candida palmioleophila candidemia and bacterial co-infection in a 3-month-old infant with biliary atresia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shima","family":"Aboutalebian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahram","family":"Nikmanesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Mohammadpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arezoo","family":"Charsizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Mirhendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.6870","article-title":"A case of Candida metapsilosis conjunctivitis in a neonate admitted to the cardiac heart intensive care unit","volume":"11","author":"Aboutalebian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Case Rep."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24370","article-title":"Multiplex size marker (YEAST PLEX) for rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic yeasts","author":"Aboutalebian","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2022.101351","article-title":"The first case of Wickerhamomyces anomalus fungemia in Iran in an immuneodeficient child, a review on the literature","author":"Aboutalebian","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Mycology"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01811-10","article-title":"National surveillance of fungemia in Denmark (2004 to 2009)","volume":"49","author":"Arendrup","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B15","volume-title":"Development of high-level echinocandin resistance in a patient with recurrent Candida auris candidemia secondary to chronic candiduria. Open forum infectious diseases","author":"Biagi","year":"2019"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12905","article-title":"Candida species bloodstream infections in hospitalised children: a 10-year experience","volume":"51","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. paediatrics Child Health"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e517","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12662","article-title":"First report of Candida palmioleophila endogenous endophthalmitis","volume":"93","author":"Datta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta ophthalmologica"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2013.800239","article-title":"Identification and antifungal susceptibility of a large collection of yeast strains isolated in Tunisian hospitals","volume":"51","author":"Eddouzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. mycology"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3190","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01297-14","article-title":"Development of two molecular approaches for differentiation of clinically relevant yeast species closely related to Candida guilliermondii and Candida famata","volume":"52","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60946-6","article-title":"Biliary atresia","volume":"374","author":"Hartley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02071-10","article-title":"Candida palmioleophila: characterization of a previously overlooked pathogen and its unique susceptibility profile in comparison with five related species","volume":"49","author":"Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.14744\/TurkPediatriArs.2019.67674","article-title":"Candidemia complicating biliary atresia in an infant with hemoglobinopathy","volume":"54","author":"Kyriakidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk pediatri arsivi"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-47572011005000059","article-title":"Molecular identification of Pichia guilliermondii, Debaryomyces hansenii and Candida palmioleophila","volume":"35","author":"Mota","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2323\/jgam.34.493","article-title":"Candida palmioleophila sp. nov., a yeast capable of assimilating crude palm oil, formerly identified as Torulopsis candida","volume":"34","author":"Nakase","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ933","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"62","author":"Pappas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B19","first-page":"47","article-title":"Candida palmioleophila isolation in Italy from two cases of systemic infection, after a CHROMagar and Vitek system mis-identification as C. albicans","volume":"43","author":"Pierantoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"New microbiologica"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"O245","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12380","article-title":"Epidemiology and predictive factors for early and late mortality in Candida bloodstream infections: a population-based surveillance in Spain","volume":"20","author":"Puig-Asensio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infection"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.18502\/cmm.7.2.7034","article-title":"Differentiation of Candida albicans complex species isolated from invasive and non-invasive infections using HWP1 gene size polymorphism","volume":"7","author":"Salehipour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Med. mycology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3314\/jjmm.40.21","article-title":"A clinical isolate of Candida palmioleophila formerly identified as Torulopsis candida","volume":"40","author":"Sugita","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24640","article-title":"Biliary atresia: Indications and timing of liver transplantation and optimization of pretransplant care","volume":"23","author":"Sundaram","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Transplant."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2010.487796","article-title":"Candidemia in children","volume":"26","author":"Zaoutis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1277607\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T16:56:29Z","timestamp":1698944189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1277607\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1277607"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1277607","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"article-number":"1277607"}}