{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T07:06:09Z","timestamp":1777100769248,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> is a commensal microorganism in the human gut but occasionally causes invasive <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> infection (ICA), especially in immunocompromised individuals. Early initiation of antifungal therapy is associated with reduced mortality of ICA, but rapid diagnosis remains a challenge. The ICA-associated changes in the gut microbiota can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic targets but have been poorly investigated. In this study, we utilized an immunodeficient Rag2\u03b3c (<jats:italic>Rag2<\/jats:italic>-\/-<jats:italic>il2\u03b3c<\/jats:italic>-\/-) mouse model to investigate the gut microbiota alterations caused by <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> throughout its cycle, from its introduction into the gastrointestinal tract to invasion, in the absence of antibiotics. We observed a significant increase in the abundance of <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>, particularly <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic>, as well as a significant decrease in the abundance of <jats:italic>Candidatus Arthromitus<\/jats:italic> in mice exposed to either the wild-type SC5314 strain or the filamentation-defective mutant (<jats:italic>cph1\/cph1 efg1\/efg1<\/jats:italic>) HLC54 strain of <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>. However, only the SC5314-infected mice developed ICA. A linear discriminate analysis of the temporal changes in the gut bacterial composition revealed <jats:italic>Bacteroides vulgatus<\/jats:italic> as a discriminative biomarker associated with SC5314-infected mice with ICA. Additionally, a positive correlation between the <jats:italic>B. vulgatus<\/jats:italic> abundance and fungal load was found, and the negative correlation between the <jats:italic>Candidatus Arthromitus<\/jats:italic> abundance and fungal load after exposure to <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> suggested that <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> might affect the differentiation of intestinal Th17 cells. Our findings reveal the influence of pathogenic <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> on the gut microbiota and identify the abundance of <jats:italic>B. vulgatus<\/jats:italic> as a microbiota signature associated with ICA in an immunodeficient mouse model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1278600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T04:36:30Z","timestamp":1705466190000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Microbiota signatures associated with invasive Candida albicans infection in the gastrointestinal tract of immunodeficient mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jia-Ying","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Han","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Tang","family":"Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-Wei","family":"Hsueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sze-Hsien","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsiu-Jung","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yee-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Hsiung","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.08.002","article-title":"IL-13 pre-treatment of murine peritoneal macrophages increases their anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity induced by lipopolysaccharides","volume":"38","author":"Authier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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