{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:43:58Z","timestamp":1792809838079,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021MH078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MH078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nontyphoidal <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> is a significant public health concern due to its ability to cause foodborne illnesses worldwide. This study aims to characterize the nontyphoidal <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> strains isolated from patients in China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 19 nontyphoidal <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> strains were characterized through serovar identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), biofilm formation assessment. Genetic relatedness was determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). WGS was employed to decipher the resistance mechanism and to contextualize the <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> serovar Mbandaka strains among previously sequenced isolates in China. The biofilm associated <jats:italic>mrkA<\/jats:italic> gene was examined by PCR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The predominant serovar identified was <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Enteritidis, followed by <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Mbandaka, <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Thompson, <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Livingston, <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Alachua, and <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Infantis. PFGE analysis indicated a notable genetic similarity among the <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Mbandaka isolates. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these strains were likely derived from a single source that had persisted in China for over five years. One multidrug resistance (MDR) <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Enteritidis isolate carried a highly transferable IncB\/O\/K\/Z plasmid with <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>. One <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Thompson strain, harboring the <jats:italic>mrkABCDF<\/jats:italic> operon in an IncX1 plasmid, isolated from cutaneous lesions, demonstrated robust biofilm formation. However, no <jats:italic>mrkABCDF<\/jats:italic> loci were detected in other strains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study emphasizes the importance of persisted surveillance and prompt response to <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> infections to protect public health. The dissemination of <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>-harboring IncB\/O\/K\/Z plasmid and the spread of virulent <jats:italic>mrkABCDF<\/jats:italic> operon among <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> in China and other global regions warrant close monitoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1327092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T04:34:59Z","timestamp":1704774899000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Characterization of nontyphoidal Salmonella strains from a tertiary hospital in China: serotype diversity, multidrug resistance, and genetic insights"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wanshan","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodi","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiutao","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinpeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingju","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.12186","article-title":"A systemic review of literatures on human Salmonella enterica serovars in Nigeria, (1999-2018)","volume":"15","author":"Akinyemi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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