{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:29:12Z","timestamp":1793035752463,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Invasive fungal diseases pose a significant threat to non-neutropenic ICU patients, with\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections being the most common. However, diagnosing these infections in the ICU population remains challenging due to overlapping clinical features, poor sensitivity of blood cultures, and invasive sampling requirements. The classical host criteria for defining invasive fungal disease do not fully apply to ICU patients, leading to missed or delayed diagnoses. Recent advancements have improved our understanding of invasive fungal diseases, leading to revised definitions and diagnostic criteria. However, the diagnostic difficulties in ICU patients remain unresolved, highlighting the need for further research and evidence generation. Invasive candidiasis is the most prevalent form of invasive fungal disease in non-neutropenic ICU patients, presenting as candidemia and deep-seated candidiasis. Diagnosis relies on positive blood cultures or histopathology, while non-culture-based techniques such as beta-D-glucan assay and PCR-based tests show promise. Invasive aspergillosis predominantly manifests as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in ICU patients, often associated with comorbidities and respiratory deterioration in viral pneumonia. Diagnosis remains challenging due to poor sensitivity of blood cultures and difficulties in performing lung biopsies. Various diagnostic criteria have been proposed, including mycological evidence, clinical\/radiological factors and expanded list of host factors. Non-culture-based techniques such as galactomannan assay and PCR-based tests can aid in diagnosis. Antifungal management involves tailored therapy based on guidelines and individual patient factors. The complexity of diagnosing and managing invasive fungal diseases in ICU patients underscore the importance of ongoing research and the need for updated diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches. Invasive fungal disease, Invasive fungal infection, Invasive candidiasis, Invasive aspergillosis, Antifungal drugs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1256158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:07:58Z","timestamp":1709597278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Diagnosis and management of invasive fungal diseases in non-neutropenic ICU patients, with focus on candidiasis and aspergillosis: a comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Afzal","family":"Azim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06050-1","article-title":"Antimicrobial therapeutic drug monitoring in critically ill adult patients: A position paper","volume":"46","author":"Abdul\u2013Aziz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-5229.142178","article-title":"Risk prediction for invasive candidiasis","volume":"18","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.4103\/ijccm.IJCCM_33_17","article-title":"External validation of risk prediction scores for invasive Candidiasis in a Medical\/Surgical intensive care unit: An observational study","volume":"21","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1086\/323335","article-title":"Defining opportunistic invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplants: an international consensus","volume":"34","author":"Ascioglu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01602-10","article-title":"PCR diagnosis of invasive candidiasis: Systematic review and meta\u2013analysis","volume":"49","author":"Avni","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11050645","article-title":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of antifungal agents in critically Ill Patients: Is There a need for dose optimisation","volume":"11","author":"Baracaldo\u2013Santamar\u00eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S121","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1751","article-title":"EORTC\/MSGERC definitions of IFDs: Summary of activities of the intensive care unit working group","volume":"72","author":"Bassetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4731-2","article-title":"Intensive care medicine research agenda on invasive fungal infection in critically ill patients","volume":"43","author":"Bassetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2497-3","article-title":"Incidence and outcome of invasive candidiasis in intensive care units (ICUs) in Europe: Results of the EUCANDICU project","volume":"23","author":"Bassetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12869","article-title":"Developing definitions for IFDs in critically ill adult patients in intensive care units. Protocol of the FUNgal infections Definitions in ICU patients (FUNDICU) project","volume":"62","author":"Bassetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mycoses."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac097","article-title":"Economic burden of fungal diseases in the United States","volume":"9","author":"Benedict","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000637","article-title":"Diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in ICU patients: Putting the puzzle together","volume":"25","author":"Blot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Crit. Care"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-1978OC","article-title":"A clinical algorithm to diagnose invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients","volume":"186","author":"Blot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6020072","article-title":"Development and validation of an in\u2013House library of Colombian Candida auris strains with MALDI\u2013TOF MS to improve yeast identification","volume":"6","author":"Ceballos\u2013Garzon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Fungi (Basel)."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.700008","article-title":"Evaluation of droplet digital PCR assay for the diagnosis of candidemia in blood samples","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit006","article-title":"Finding the \"missing 50%\" of invasive candidiasis: how nonculture diagnostics will improve understanding of disease spectrum and transform patient care","volume":"56","author":"Clancy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a019752","article-title":"Mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance","volume":"5","author":"Cowen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9090913","article-title":"An overview on candida auris in healthcare settings","volume":"9","author":"Cristina","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Fungi (Basel)."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaa028","article-title":"Performance characteristics of Fungitell STAT\u2122, a rapid (1\u21923)\u2013\u03b2\u2013D\u2013glucan single patient sample in vitro diagnostic assay","volume":"59","author":"D'Ordine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00692-8","article-title":"Global incidence and mortality of severe fungal disease","author":"Denning","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1086\/588660","article-title":"Revised definitions of IFD from the European organization for research and treatment of cancer\/Invasive fungal infections cooperative group and the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases mycoses study group (EORTC\/MSG) consensus group","volume":"46","author":"De Pauw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-017-0270-0","article-title":"Antifungal dosing strategies for critically Ill patients","volume":"11","author":"Dietrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Fungal Infect. Rep."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1008","article-title":"Revision and update of the consensus definitions of IFD from the european organization for research and treatment of cancer and the mycoses study group education and research consortium","volume":"71","author":"Donnelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-023-00926-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of invasive fungal infections: Challenges and recent developments","volume":"30","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. BioMed. Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.04.002","article-title":"Time to positive culture and identification for Candida blood stream infections","volume":"64","author":"Fernandez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5030086","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of a novel multiplex PCR assay for candidemia among ICU patients","volume":"5","author":"Fuchs","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Fungi (Basel)."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177627","article-title":"Evaluation of the Sepsis Flow Chip assay for the diagnosis of blood infections","volume":"12","author":"Galiana","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12539","article-title":"Global trends in the distribution of Candida species causing candidemia","author":"Guinea","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2020-0217","article-title":"Rezafungin: A novel antifungal for the treatment of invasive candidiasis","volume":"16","author":"Ham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1226721","article-title":"Antifungal stewardship considerations for adults and pediatrics","volume":"8","author":"Hamdy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virulence."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-013-0069-4","article-title":"Amphotericin B formulations: A comparative review of efficacy and toxicity","volume":"73","author":"Hamill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drugs."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7080667","article-title":"Candida glabrata: Pathogenicity and resistance mechanisms for adaptation and survival","volume":"7","author":"Hassan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fungi (Basel)."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R198","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10366","article-title":"Validation and comparison of clinical prediction rules for invasive candidiasis in intensive care unit patients: A matched case\u2013control study","volume":"15","author":"Hermsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e543","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00237-8","article-title":"The emergence of COVID\u201319 associated mucormycosis: A review of cases from 18 countries","volume":"3","author":"Hoenigl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040349","article-title":"Biosensors and diagnostics for fungal detection","volume":"6","author":"Hussain K","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Fungi (Basel)."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.15589","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of invasive candidiasis in haematology, oncology and intensive care settings, 2021","author":"Keighley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern. Med. J."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.04.031","article-title":"Intensive care management of influenza\u2013associated pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"25","author":"Koehler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3254-3","article-title":"What's new in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in the critically ill","volume":"40","author":"Koulenti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000812","article-title":"Invasive aspergillosis in coronavirus disease 2019: A practical approach for clinicians","volume":"35","author":"Lamoth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riam.2009.06.003","article-title":"Amphotericin B: Side effects and toxicity","volume":"26","author":"Laniado\u2013Labor\u00edn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam Micol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03239-14","article-title":"Candida colonization as a risk marker for invasive candidiasis in mixed medical\u2013surgical intensive care units: Development and evaluation of a simple, standard protocol","volume":"53","author":"Lau","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000202208.37364.7D","article-title":"A bedside scoring system (\"Candida score\") for early antifungal treatment in nonneutropenic critically ill patients with Candida colonization","volume":"34","author":"Le\u00f3n","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120688","article-title":"Cochleate formulations of Amphotericin b designed for oral administration using a naturally occurring phospholipid","volume":"603","author":"Lipa\u2013Castro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.3390\/life13102099","article-title":"Innovative biosensing approaches for swift identification of candida species, intrusive pathogenic organisms","volume":"13","author":"Lorenzo\u2013Villegas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life (Basel)."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01159-9","article-title":"Isavuconazole versus voriconazole for primary treatment of invasive mould disease caused by Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi (SECURE): A phase 3, randomised\u2013controlled, non\u2013inferiority trial","volume":"387","author":"Maertens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05599-w","article-title":"ESICM\/ESCMID task force on practical management of invasive candidiasis in critically ill patients","volume":"45","author":"Martin\u2013Loeches","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsyr\/fov081","article-title":"Candida albicans commensalism in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"15","author":"Neville","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.2010.54.issue-1","article-title":"Improvement of a clinical prediction rule for clinical trials on prophylaxis for invasive candidiasis in the intensive care unit","volume":"54","author":"Ostrosky\u2013Zeichner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mycoses."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ933","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the infectious diseases society of America","volume":"62","author":"Pappas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18026","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.26","article-title":"Invasive candidiasis","volume":"4","author":"Pappas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw326","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the infectious diseases society of America","volume":"63","author":"Patterson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199412000-00008","article-title":"Candida colonization and subsequent infections in critically ill surgical patients","volume":"220","author":"Pittet","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R249","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10507","article-title":"Early diagnosis of candidemia in intensive care unit patients with sepsis: a prospective comparison of (1\u21923)\u2013\u03b2\u2013D\u2013glucan assay, Candida score, and colonization index","volume":"15","author":"Posteraro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa502","article-title":"Invasive candidiasis species distribution and trends, United States, 2009\u20132017","volume":"223","author":"Ricotta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59010061","article-title":"Monitoring of the forgotten immune system during critical illness\u2014A narrative review","volume":"59","author":"Serrano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicina."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.13336","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence: Exploring utility in detection and typing of fungus with futuristic application in fungal cytology","volume":"35","author":"Singla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cytopathology"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03567-13","article-title":"Use and limits of (1\u20133)\u2013\u03b2\u2013d\u2013glucan assay (Fungitell), compared to galactomannan determination (Platelia Aspergillus), for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis","volume":"52","author":"Sulahian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2022.2050224","article-title":"Echinocandins \u2013 structure, mechanism of action and use in antifungal therapy","volume":"37","author":"Szyma\u0144ski","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib Med. Chem."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00500","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00500\u201318","article-title":"Blood culture turnaround time in U.S. Acute care hospitals and implications for laboratory process optimization","volume":"56","author":"Tabak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0722-7","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients: Clinical presentation, underlying conditions, and outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Taccone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.06.010","article-title":"Asia Fungal Working Group (AFWG). Incidence and species distribution of candidaemia in Asia: A laboratory\u2013based surveillance study","volume":"21","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4419-z","article-title":"Pooled analysis of T2 Candida for rapid diagnosis of candidiasis","volume":"19","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0179622","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01796-22","article-title":"A Closer Look at the Laboratory Impact of Utilizing ePlex Blood Culture Identification Panels: A Workflow Analysis Using Rapid Molecular Detection for Positive Blood Cultures","volume":"10","author":"Tansarli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01487","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01487-19","article-title":"Updates in laboratory diagnostics for invasive fungal infections","volume":"58","author":"Terrero\u2013Salcedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3478","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01737-13","article-title":"\u03b2\u2013D\u2013glucan testing is important for diagnosis of invasive fungal infections","volume":"51","author":"Theel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.08.081","article-title":"Risk factors for invasive candida infection in critically Ill patients: A systematic review and meta\u2013analysis","volume":"161","author":"Thomas\u2013R\u00fcddel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20133099(23)00551\u20130","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rezafungin and caspofungin in candidaemia and invasive candidiasis: Pooled data from two prospective randomised controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Thompson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0153247","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153247","article-title":"Intra\u2013abdominal candidiasis: The importance of early source control and antifungal treatment","volume":"11","author":"Vergidis","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06091-6","article-title":"Review of influenza\u2013associated pulmonary aspergillosis in ICU patients and proposal for a case definition: An expert opinion","volume":"46","author":"Verweij","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03923-7","article-title":"Influenza\u2013associated aspergillosis in critically\u2013ill patients\u2013a retrospective bicentric cohort study","volume":"39","author":"Waldeck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13783","article-title":"Use and outcome of empiric echinocandins in critically ill patients","volume":"65","author":"Ylipalosaari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand."},{"key":"B72","first-page":"5075","article-title":"Misdiagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: A clinical analysis of 26 immunocompetent patients","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1256158\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:08:01Z","timestamp":1709597281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1256158\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1256158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1256158","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"article-number":"1256158"}}