{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:35:17Z","timestamp":1790800517892,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":195,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral lichen planus (OLP), a T-lymphocyte-mediated disease of the oral mucosa, has a complex pathogenesis that involves a number of factors. The disease is characterized by recurrent episodes and requires continuous follow up, and there is no curative treatment available. Erosive lichen planus, among others, has a risk of malignant transformation and requires standardized treatment to control its progression. Different clinical subtypes of oral lichen planus require appropriate treatment. Pharmacological treatments are the most widely available and have the greatest variety of options and a number of novel pharmacological treatments are presented as highlights, including JAK enzyme inhibitors. The second is photodynamic therapy, which is the leading physiological treatment. In addition, periodontal treatment and psychological treatment should not be neglected. In this review, we briefly discuss the most recent developments in therapies for oral lichen planus after summarizing the most widely used clinical treatments, aiming to provide different proposals for future clinical treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1279220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T04:52:08Z","timestamp":1707972728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["What can we learn from treatments of oral lichen planus?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangchun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754231156100","article-title":"The use of janus kinase inhibitors for lichen planus: an evidence-based review","volume":"27","author":"Abduelmula","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cutan Med. Surg."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12525","article-title":"Sleep disturbances, anxiety and depression in patients with oral lichen planus: a case-control study","volume":"29","author":"Adamo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2012.06.001","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of low-level laser and CO2 laser in treatment of patients with oral lichen planus","volume":"41","author":"Agha-Hosseini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.03.012","article-title":"Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: A meta-analysis of 20095 patient data","volume":"68","author":"Aghbari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral. Oncol."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4942","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094942","article-title":"Probiotics, photobiomodulation, and disease management: controversies and challenges","volume":"22","author":"Ailioaie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14261","article-title":"Efficacy of injectable platelet-rich fibrin in the treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus","volume":"29","author":"Al-Hallak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2015.08.020","article-title":"Smoking habits and clinical patterns can alter the inflammatory infiltrate in oral lichenoid lesions","volume":"121","author":"Alrashdan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral. Surg. Oral. Med. Oral. Pathol. Oral. Radiol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-016-1667-2","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: a literature review and update","volume":"308","author":"Alrashdan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12052","article-title":"Emotional assessment of patients with oral lichen planus","volume":"54","author":"Alves","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01118-2","article-title":"The effect of smoking on clinical presentation and expression of TLR-2 and CD34 in Oral lichen Planus patients: clinical and immunohistochemical study","volume":"20","author":"Amin","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Oral. Health"},{"key":"B95","first-page":"21","article-title":"Evaluation of plasma isoprostane in patients with oral lichen planus","volume":"17","author":"Amirchaghmaghi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dent. (Shiraz)."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1159\/000484955","article-title":"Chloroquine autophagic inhibition rebalances Th17\/Treg-mediated immunity and ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"44","author":"An","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02411","article-title":"JAK\/STAT signalling in Drosophila: insights into conserved regulatory and cellular functions","volume":"133","author":"Arbouzova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Development."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2011.619671","article-title":"Immune system stimulation by probiotic microorganisms","volume":"54","author":"Ashraf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.119.018101","article-title":"Transitioning from basic toward systems pharmacodynamic models: lessons from corticosteroids","volume":"72","author":"Ayyar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.0147","article-title":"Treatment of oral erosive lichen planus with upadacitinib","volume":"158","author":"Balestri","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1030893","article-title":"Antioxidant therapy for patients with oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13334","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13334","article-title":"Autologous platelet-rich fibrin injections in the management of facial cutaneous sinus tracts secondary to medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"33","author":"Bennardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3747","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03702-w","article-title":"Efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin compared with triamcinolone acetonide as injective therapy in the treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus: a pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Bennardo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral. Investig."},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00875-0","article-title":"Microbiome definition re-visited: old concepts and new challenges","volume":"8","author":"Berg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiome."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-240727","article-title":"Addisonian-like acrofacial hyperpigmentation following long-term hydroxychloroquine therapy in oral lichen planus","volume":"14","author":"Bhanja","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5464373","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5464373","article-title":"Nutritional aspects of essential trace elements in oral health and disease: an extensive review","volume":"2016","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientifica (Cairo)."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12343","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma as a novel treatment for lichen planopillaris","volume":"29","author":"Bolan\u010da","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13270","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a novel mucoadhesive clobetasol patch for treatment of erosive oral lichen planus: A phase 2 randomized clinical trial","volume":"51","author":"Brennan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oral. Pathol. Med."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2015.3967","article-title":"Er:YAG laser versus cold knife excision in the treatment of nondysplastic oral lesions: A randomized comparative study for the postoperative period","volume":"33","author":"Broccoletti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Photomed Laser Surg."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0374-8","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and tacrolimus: mechanisms in rheumatology","volume":"16","author":"Broen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31115-2","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of upadacitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate response to conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (SELECT-NEXT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"391","author":"Burmester","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10604","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules200610604","article-title":"Antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial activities of a BODIPY-based photosensitizer","volume":"20","author":"Carpenter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12260","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: A disease or a spectrum of tissue reactions? Types, causes, diagnostic algorhythms, prognosis, management strategies","volume":"80","author":"Carrozzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181ea9386","article-title":"New surgical approach to lichen sclerosus of the vulva: the role of adipose-derived mesenchymal cells and platelet-rich plasma in tissue regeneration","volume":"126","author":"Casabona","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr Surg."},{"key":"B142","first-page":"1875","article-title":"Photo dynamic therapy in oral diseases","volume":"3","author":"Ch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Med. Res."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.11.005","article-title":"Use of curcuminoids in a cohort of patients with oral lichen planus, an autoimmune disease","volume":"19","author":"Chainani-Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytomedicine."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.04.022","article-title":"High-dose curcuminoids are efficacious in the reduction in symptoms and signs of oral lichen planus","volume":"66","author":"Chainani-Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2008.00686.x","article-title":"Significantly higher frequencies of presence of serum autoantibodies in Chinese patients with oral lichen planus","volume":"38","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Oral. Pathol. Med."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119406792.ch1","article-title":"\u201cPlatelet rich fibrin: A second-generation platelet concentrate","author":"Choukroun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Platelet Rich Fibrin in Regenerative Dentistry: Biological Background and Clinical Indications"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00405","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for inactivation of biofilms formed by oral key pathogens","volume":"5","author":"Cieplik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(75)90010-X","article-title":"How corticosteroids work","volume":"55","author":"Claman","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58548-9","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy in oral lichen planus: A prospective case-controlled pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Cosgarea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-005-0490-3","article-title":"Different photoresponses of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 514, 532, and 633 nm low level lasers in vitro","volume":"53","author":"Dadras","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.104850","article-title":"Laser excision of oral leukoplakia: Does it affect recurrence and Malignant transformation? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"de Pauli Paglioni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral. Oncol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.997190","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies for oral lichen planus: State of the art and new insights","volume":"9","author":"Didona","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1001970","article-title":"Detection of anti-desmoglein antibodies in oral lichen planus: What do we know so far","volume":"13","author":"Didona","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.9657","article-title":"Novel applications of platelet concentrates in tissue regeneration (Review)","volume":"21","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.07.008","article-title":"Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part I: technological concepts and evolution","volume":"101","author":"Dohan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral. Surg. Oral. Med. Oral. Pathol. Oral. Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-018-2674-7","article-title":"Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia treated with carbon dioxide laser: a meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"B102","first-page":"4020","article-title":"Observation of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction combined with western medicine in erosive oral lichen planus","volume":"24","author":"Duan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Modern J. Integrated Traditional Chin. Western Med."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14588","article-title":"Topical clobetasol treatment for oral lichen planus can cause adrenal insufficiency","author":"Einarsdottir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oral. Dis"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(93)70082-5","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (Plaquenil) improves oral lichen planus: An open trial","volume":"28","author":"Eisen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2005.01142.x","article-title":"Number V Oral lichen planus: clinical features and management","volume":"11","author":"Eisen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2013.30","article-title":"Periodontopathogen profile of healthy and oral lichen planus patients with gingivitis or periodontitis","volume":"5","author":"Ertugrul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral. Sci."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00187","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00187-18","article-title":"New insights into human nostril microbiome from the expanded human oral microbiome database (eHOMD): a resource for the microbiome of the human aerodigestive tract","volume":"3","author":"Escapa","year":"2018","journal-title":"mSystems."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106765","article-title":"Cyclosporine or methotrexate, which one is more promising in the treatment of lichen planopilaris?; A comparative clinical trial","volume":"86","author":"Fatemi Naeini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00550","article-title":"The effectiveness and safety of total glucosides of paeony in primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.2013.10","article-title":"The Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: a systematic review","volume":"145","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9896(200108)194:4<397::AID-PATH899>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Differential expression of CXCR3 targeting chemokines CXCL10, CXCL9, and CXCL11 in different types of skin inflammation","volume":"194","author":"Flier","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"B155","first-page":"413","article-title":"Biphasic dose\/response of photobiomodulation therapy on culture of human fibroblasts","volume":"38","author":"Flores Luna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930370404","article-title":"Use of carbon dioxide laser for the treatment of premalignant lesions of the oral mucosa","volume":"37","author":"Flynn","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2011.3116","article-title":"New clinical approach for use of Er:YAG laser in the surgical treatment of oral lichen planus: a report of two cases","volume":"30","author":"Fornaini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Photomed Laser Surg."},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03561-5","article-title":"Effect of personality traits on the oral health-related quality of life in patients with oral lichen planus undergoing treatment","volume":"25","author":"Gabriella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral. Investig."},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2012.00457.x","article-title":"Risk factors for periodontal disease","volume":"62","author":"Genco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39473","article-title":"VX-509 (Decernotinib), an oral selective JAK-3 inhibitor, in combination with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"68","author":"Genovese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6236","article-title":"Herbal medicine in oral lichen planus","volume":"33","author":"Ghahremanlo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02221-9","article-title":"Micronutrients profile in oral lichen planus: a review literature","volume":"199","author":"Gholizadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12885","article-title":"Rate of Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus: A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Giuliani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7120612","article-title":"Er:YAG laser irradiation reduces microbial viability when used in combination with irrigation with sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and hydrogen peroxide","volume":"7","author":"Golob Deeb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.2855","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral janus kinase 1 inhibitor abrocitinib for patients with atopic dermatitis: A phase 2 randomized clinical trial","volume":"155","author":"Gooderham","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-018-2622-6","article-title":"Effects of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the growth of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans: in vitro study","volume":"34","author":"Grzech-Le\u015bniak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.01.056","article-title":"Reformulating cyclosporine A (CsA): More than just a life cycle management strategy","volume":"225","author":"Guada","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release."},{"key":"B58","first-page":"186","article-title":"Clinical application of platelet-rich fibrin in pediatric dentistry","volume":"12","author":"Gunasekaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Health Allied Sci. NU."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.118.084772","article-title":"Commensal gut bacteria convert the immunosuppressant tacrolimus to less potent metabolites","volume":"47","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.16-0219","article-title":"Roles of serum uric acid, prolactin levels, and psychosocial factors in oral lichen planus","volume":"59","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Oral. Sci."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3610105","article-title":"Structural requirements of the interleukin-6 signal transducer gp130 for its interaction with Janus kinase 1: the receptor is crucial for kinase activation","volume":"361","author":"Haan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B175","first-page":"1","article-title":"A case of recalcitrant oral lichen planus","volume":"5","author":"Hadiuzzaman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dentistry Oral. Hygiene."},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(87)90254-4","article-title":"Psychiatric disturbance in patients with oral lichen planus","volume":"63","author":"Hampf","year":"1987","journal-title":"Oral. Surg. Oral. Med. Oral. Pathol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12385","article-title":"Topical hyaluronic acid in the management of oral lichen planus: A comparative study","volume":"10","author":"Hashem","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Investig. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01260-x","article-title":"Efficacy evaluation of photodynamic therapy for oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Oral. Health"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1039\/d0pp00249f","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of oral lichen planus","volume":"19","author":"Hesse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"B81","first-page":"318","article-title":"The mechanism of action of tofacitinib - an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"34","author":"Hodge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B17","article-title":"Corticosteroids","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Hodgens","year":"2023"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2007.00334.x","article-title":"Distribution and persistence of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 in the human oral cavity as determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction","volume":"22","author":"Horz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.859260","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine alleviates EAU by inhibiting uveitogenic T cells and ameliorating retinal vascular endothelial cells dysfunction","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.10.1247","article-title":"Treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in situ with a high-energy pulsed carbon dioxide laser","volume":"134","author":"Humphreys","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02803-8","article-title":"Evaluation of muco-adhesive tacrolimus patch on caspase-3 induced apoptosis in oral lichen planus: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral. Health"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1159\/000247464","article-title":"Lack of effect after local treatment with a new ciclosporin formulation in recalcitrant erosive oral lichen planus","volume":"185","author":"Itin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dermatology."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00829.x","article-title":"Psychological profile in oral lichen planus","volume":"32","author":"Ivanovski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-014-1694-1","article-title":"A comparative study of toluidine blue-mediated photodynamic therapy versus topical corticosteroids in the treatment of erosive-atrophic oral lichen planus: a randomized clinical controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Jajarm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112913","article-title":"Total glucosides of paeony: A review of its phytochemistry, role in autoimmune diseases, and mechanisms of action","volume":"258","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11050723","article-title":"Oral microbiome research on oral lichen planus: current findings and perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Jung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. (Basel)."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(96)80014-2","article-title":"Cyclosporin A mouthwash in the treatment of oral lichen planus","volume":"25","author":"Jungell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1644111","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2507675","article-title":"Susceptibility of oral bacteria to antibacterial photodynamic therapy","volume":"11","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral. Microbiol."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12858","article-title":"Randomized pilot study on probiotic effects on recurrent candidiasis in oral lichen planus patients","volume":"24","author":"Keller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2018.10.007","article-title":"\"Let there be light.\" Research on phototherapy, light therapy, and photobiomodulation for healing - Alternative therapy becomes mainstream","volume":"41","author":"Kemper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Complement Ther. Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2016.09.003","article-title":"Fungistatic effect of hydroxychloroquine, lessons from a case","volume":"13","author":"Keshavarzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Mycol Case Rep."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2019.1638881","article-title":"Efficacy of 1064 Q switched Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of oral lichen planus","volume":"31","author":"Khater","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dermatolog Treat."},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12695","article-title":"Surgical excision and mucosal advancement flap: Treatment for refractory lichen planus of the lip","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2011.24143","article-title":"Cigarette smoking induces overexpression of c-Met receptor in microvessels of oral lichen planus","volume":"7","author":"K\u0142osek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1738500","article-title":"Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in adult patients with uveitis","volume":"29","author":"Kolli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14612","article-title":"Alleviation of erosive oral and esophageal lichen planus by the JAK1 inhibitor upadacitinib","volume":"19","author":"Kooybaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dtsch Dermatol. Ges."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12961","article-title":"The oral microbiome in oral lichen planus during a 1-year randomized clinical trial","volume":"25","author":"Kragelund","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6286","DOI":"10.3390\/app11146286","article-title":"The effect of mouthrinse with 0.05% dexamethasone solution on the oral bacterial community of oral lichen planus patients: Prospective pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Ku","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-015-1572-7","article-title":"Association of vdr, cyp27b1, cyp24a1 and mthfr gene polymorphisms with oral lichen planus risk","volume":"20","author":"Kujundzic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Oral. Investig."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(90)90116-A","article-title":"Grinspan's syndrome: a drug-induced phenomenon","volume":"70","author":"Lamey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Oral. Surg. Oral. Med. Oral. Pathol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116440","article-title":"Effects of endothelin receptor antagonist on cyclosporine-induced vasoconstriction in isolated rat renal arterioles","volume":"91","author":"Lanese","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.16.1.293","article-title":"Jaks and STATs: biological implications","volume":"16","author":"Leonard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12133","article-title":"Successful treatment of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with total glucosides of paeony","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638043","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/638043","article-title":"Platelet-rich fibrin promotes periodontal regeneration and enhances alveolar bone augmentation","volume":"2013","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.3797","article-title":"Global prevalence and incidence estimates of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"156","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2010.01711.x","article-title":"Modulation of serum gastric parietal cell antibody level by levamisole and vitamin B12 in oral lichen planus","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-020-00342-w","article-title":"The effect of total glucoside of paeony on gut microbiota in NOD mice with Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome based on high-throughput sequencing of 16SrRNA gene","volume":"15","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-019-3221-5","article-title":"Benefits and safety of tripterygium glycosides and total glucosides of paeony for rheumatoid arthritis: an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"25","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507832971","article-title":"Selected vitamins and trace elements support immune function by strengthening epithelial barriers and cellular and humoral immune responses","author":"Maggini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.12.3375-3380.2001","article-title":"Resistance-nodulation-cell division-type efflux pump involved in aminoglycoside resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii strain BM4454","volume":"45","author":"Magnet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01913-2","article-title":"Mechanisms of biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents","volume":"9","author":"Mah","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12399","article-title":"Oral candidiasis following steroid therapy for oral lichen planus","volume":"22","author":"Marable","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14014","article-title":"A proof of concept pilot trial of probiotics in symptomatic oral lichen planus (CABRIO)","volume":"28","author":"Marlina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000077756","article-title":"Dental plaque as a microbial biofilm","volume":"38","author":"Marsh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47352-0","article-title":"Intra-individual diversity and similarity of salivary and faecal microbiota","volume":"57","author":"Maukonen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6416","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.18.11.6416","article-title":"Functional cooperation of the interleukin-2 receptor beta chain and Jak1 in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase recruitment and phosphorylation","volume":"18","author":"Migone","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10040317","article-title":"Use of PRP, PRF and CGF in periodontal regeneration and facial rejuvenation-A narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Mijiritsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.34172\/jlms.2022.59","article-title":"In vitro effect of a high-intensity laser on candida albicans colony count","volume":"13","author":"Momeni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2017.04.014","article-title":"Evaluation of photodynamic therapy in treatment of oral erosive lichen planus in comparison with topically applied corticosteroids","volume":"19","author":"Mostafa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13811","article-title":"Effective treatment of oral lichen planus with the JAK inhibitor baricitinib","volume":"63","author":"Moussa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9091137","article-title":"Photobiomodulation Therapy vs. Corticosteroid for the Management of Erosive\/Ulcerative and Painful Oral Lichen Planus. Assessment of Success Rate during One-Year Follow-Up: A Retrospective Study","volume":"9","author":"Nammour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S338661","article-title":"Once-daily abrocitinib for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults and adolescents aged 12 years and over: A short review of current clinical perspectives","volume":"18","author":"Niculet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. Clin. Risk Manage."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2001.19850581.x","article-title":"Immunolocalisation of the janus kinases (JAK)\u2014signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway in human epidermis","volume":"198","author":"Nishio","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010323","article-title":"Expression of the selected proteins of JAK\/STAT signaling pathway in diseases with oral mucosa involvement","volume":"24","author":"Ociepa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11061588","article-title":"Gut microbiome in patients after heart transplantation-current state of knowledge","volume":"11","author":"Olek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.05.021","article-title":"Sirolimus (rapamycin): from the soil of Easter Island to a bright future","volume":"57","author":"Paghdal","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"B103","first-page":"1487","article-title":"Clinical observation and influence on immune function and inflammatory factors of Jiangxian decoction with erosive oral lichen planus with Yin deficiency and internal heat syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Pang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hebei J. TCM."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/21175","article-title":"Factors connected with efficacy of single ketamine infusion in bipolar depression","volume":"48","author":"Permoda-Osip","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Pol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2015.04.040","article-title":"The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: A review","volume":"97","author":"Pisoschi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13960","article-title":"Analysis of the response to two pharmacological protocols in patients with oral lichen planus: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"29","author":"Polizzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13285","article-title":"Selenium: A sole treatment for erosive oral lichen planus (Randomized controlled clinical trial)","volume":"26","author":"Qataya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2019.1615443","article-title":"JAK3-selective inhibitor peficitinib for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Qiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/59014","article-title":"Relation between periodontal status and pre-cancerous condition (Oral lichen planus): A pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Rai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1159\/000336960","article-title":"Colonization of the oral cavity by probiotic bacteria","volume":"46","author":"Ravn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"B26","first-page":"E462","article-title":"Topic tacrolimus, alternative treatment for oral erosive lichen planus resistant to steroids: a case report","volume":"11","author":"Riano Arguelles","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Oral. Patol Oral. Cir Bucal."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.05.015","article-title":"Recycling of chloroquine and its hydroxyl analogue to face bacterial, fungal and viral infections in the 21st century","volume":"30","author":"Rolain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2017.09.005","article-title":"[Topical cyclosporine A and risk of ocular surface neoplasia]","volume":"41","author":"Rouimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Fr Ophtalmol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.119648","article-title":"Topical tacrolimus in the treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus: a series of 13 patients","volume":"46","author":"Rozycki","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3390\/dj10120221","article-title":"Effect of photobiomodulation on atrophic-erosive clinical forms of oral lichen planus: A systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Ruiz Roca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dent. J. (Basel)."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-019-00742-7","article-title":"T cell pathology in skin inflammation","volume":"41","author":"Sabat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2020.1835951","article-title":"Effects of treatment with hydroxychloroquine on the modulation of Th17\/Treg ratio and pregnancy outcomes in women with recurrent implantation failure: clinical trial","volume":"42","author":"Sadeghpour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10112964","article-title":"Vitamin D in the treatment of oral lichen planus: A systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Saeed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7757-2021-0180","article-title":"Efficacy of injectable platelet-rich fibrin in the erosive oral lichen planus: a split-mouth, randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"29","author":"Saglam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral. Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12761","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12761","article-title":"Corticosteroid delivery using oral mucosa equivalents for the treatment of inflammatory mucosal diseases","volume":"129","author":"Said","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral. Sci."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.102972","article-title":"Clinical responses of patients with systemic diseases to the photodynamic therapy of oral lichen planus","volume":"39","author":"Saleh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2016.1277179","article-title":"Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors for the treatment of skin and hair disorders: a review of literature","volume":"28","author":"Samadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dermatolog Treat."},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_178_22","article-title":"Association of periodontal disease with oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta analysis","volume":"27","author":"Sanadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Oral. Maxillofac. Pathol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02168-4","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: comparative efficacy and treatment costs-a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Sandhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Oral. Health"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0603252","article-title":"Interferon-gamma: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions","volume":"75","author":"Schroder","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021202","article-title":"Efficacy of topical treatments for the management of symptomatic oral lichen planus: A systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Serafini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1000","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.18713.1","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: a novel staging and algorithmic approach and all that is essential to know","volume":"9","author":"Shavit","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1995.tb00728.x","article-title":"Topical cyclosporin in oral lichen planus: a controlled, randomized, prospective trial","volume":"132","author":"Sieg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112144-20211115-00505","article-title":"Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of oral lichen planus (revision)","volume":"57","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19069","article-title":"The Janus kinase 1 inhibitor abrocitinib for the treatment of oral lichen planus","volume":"39","author":"Solimani","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.731093","article-title":"Case report: treatment of oral lichen planus with a focus on psychological methods","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1159\/000172830","article-title":"Treatment of refractory oral erosive lichen planus with topical rapamycin: 7 cases","volume":"218","author":"Soria","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatology."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii3","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab024","article-title":"JAK1: Number one in the family; number one in inflammation","volume":"60","author":"Spinelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol. (Oxford)."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.03.013","article-title":"The JAK-STAT pathway at twenty","volume":"36","author":"Stark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209773","article-title":"Risk for lower intestinal perforations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tocilizumab in comparison to treatment with other biologic or conventional synthetic DMARDs","volume":"76","author":"Strangfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2017.01.178","article-title":"A clinical evaluation of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of erosive oral lichen planus: A case series","volume":"18","author":"Sulewska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-03867-y","article-title":"High-level laser therapy versus scalpel surgery in the treatment of oral lichen planus: a randomized control trial","volume":"25","author":"Tarasenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral. Investig."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd001168","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001168.pub2","article-title":"Interventions for treating oral lichen planus","author":"Thongprasom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1601-0825.2003.00998.x","article-title":"Expression of caspase-3 and structural changes associated with apoptotic cell death of keratinocytes in oral lichen planus","volume":"10","author":"Tob\u00f3n-Arroyave","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1800033","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201800033","article-title":"Lactobacillus fermentum Improves Tacrolimus-Induced Hypertension by Restoring Vascular Redox State and Improving eNOS Coupling","volume":"62","author":"Toral","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13676","article-title":"Topical sirolimus for management of refractory oral chronic graft-versus-host disease","volume":"27","author":"Treister","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350802516170","article-title":"Short-term effect of chewing gums containing probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri on the levels of inflammatory mediators in gingival crevicular fluid","volume":"67","author":"Twetman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18457","article-title":"Outcome and long-term treatment protocol for topical tacrolimus in oral lichen planus","volume":"36","author":"Utz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1080\/000155501317140197","article-title":"Azathioprine for the treatment of severe erosive oral and generalized lichen planus","volume":"81","author":"Verma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9914652","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9914652","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of oxidative stress and antioxidant markers in oral lichen planus","volume":"2021","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.04.010","article-title":"Total glucosides of paeony (TGP) inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines in oral lichen planus by suppressing the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12405","article-title":"Role of distinct CD4(+) T helper subset in pathogenesis of oral lichen planus","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Oral. Pathol. Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(97)90187-7","article-title":"Platelet gel: an autologous alternative to fibrin glue with applications in oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"55","author":"Whitman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40189","article-title":"Herpes zoster and tofacitinib: clinical outcomes and the risk of concomitant therapy","volume":"69","author":"Winthrop","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13220","article-title":"Validation of the HADS and PSS-10 and psychological status in patients with oral lichen planus","volume":"26","author":"Wiriyakijja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14273","article-title":"An improved scoring system for monitoring oral lichen planus: A preliminary clinical study","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oral. Dis"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2005.00341.x","article-title":"A clinical study of 674 patients with oral lichen planus in China","volume":"34","author":"Xue","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Oral. Pathol. Med."},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2017.02.008","article-title":"Free palatal mucosal graft for treatment of erosive oral lichen planus","volume":"116","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Formos Med. Assoc."},{"key":"B115","first-page":"534","article-title":"Influence of total glucosides paeony on the expression of IFN-\u03b3and IL-10 in peripheral blood of patients with oral lichen planus","volume":"32","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Oral. Sci. Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.02.002","article-title":"Possible alternative therapies for oral lichen planus cases refractory to steroid therapies","volume":"121","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral. Surg. Oral. Med. Oral. Pathol. Oral. Radiol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0545-x","article-title":"Cutaneous immunology: basics and new concepts","volume":"38","author":"Yazdi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e109","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12948","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine sulphate therapy of erosive oral lichen planus","volume":"60","author":"Yeshurun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Australas. J.\u00a0Dermatol."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2006.00258.x","article-title":"Colonization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the oral cavity","volume":"21","author":"Yli-Knuuttila","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.09.006","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial to compare steroid with cyclosporine for the topical treatment of oral lichen planus","volume":"102","author":"Yoke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral. Surg. Oral. Med. Oral. Pathol. Oral. Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23375","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023375","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine for erosive oral lichen planus: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis","volume":"99","author":"You","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. (Baltimore)."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2016.2946","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of total glucosides of paeony combined with acitretin in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040782","article-title":"Exopolysaccharide-producing bifidobacterium adolescentis strains with similar adhesion property induce differential regulation of inflammatory immune response in Treg\/Th17 axis of DSS-colitis mice","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.896476","article-title":"Curcumin and curcuma longa extract in the treatment of 10 types of autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials","volume":"13","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.107452","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of paeoniflorin and total glucosides of paeony","volume":"207","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B188","first-page":"7346","article-title":"Clinical effect of initial periodontal therapy combined with topical medication therapy on erosive oral lichen planus","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201801020RRR","article-title":"Vitamin D\/VDR signaling suppresses microRNA-802-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes in oral lichen planus","volume":"33","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.152940","article-title":"Total glucosides of paeony for the treatment of psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"62","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytomedicine."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-013-1176-z","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine decreases the upregulated frequencies of Tregs in patients with oral lichen planus","volume":"18","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Oral. Investig."},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-02892-2","article-title":"Severity of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions is associated with anxiety","volume":"23","author":"Zucoloto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Oral. Investig."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1279220\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T04:53:26Z","timestamp":1707972806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1279220\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"references-count":195,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1279220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1279220","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"article-number":"1279220"}}