{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:56:04Z","timestamp":1787320564278,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bacterial infections have become serious threats to human health, and the excessive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria.\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a human bacterial pathogen, which can cause severe infectious. Antimicrobial peptides are considered the most promising alternative to traditional antibiotics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and hemolytic activity were determined by the microdilution method. The antimicrobial kinetics of MR-22 against\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      were studied by growth curves and time-killing curves. The cytotoxicity of MR-22 was detected by the CCK-8 assay. The antimicrobial activity of MR-22 in salt, serum, heat and trypsin was determined by the microdilution method. The antimicrobial mechanism of MR-22 against drug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      was studied by Scanning Electron Microscope, laser confocal microscopy, and Flow Cytometry. The\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      antibacterial activity of MR-22 was evaluated by the mice model of peritonitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, MR-22 is a new antimicrobial peptide with good activity that has demonstrated against MDR\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The antimicrobial activity of MR-22 exhibited stability under conditions of high temperature, 10% FBS, and Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      . However, a decline of the activity was observed in the presence of Na\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , serum, and trypsin. MR-22 had no significant cytotoxicity or hemolysis\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . SEM and fluorescent images revealed that MR-22 could disrupt the integrity of cell membrane. DCFH-DA indicated that MR-22 increased the content of reactive oxygen species, while it decreased the content of intracellular ATP. In mice model of peritonitis, MR-22 exhibited potent antibacterial activity\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . These results indicated that MR-22 is a potential drug candidate against drug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1334378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T23:30:36Z","timestamp":1706052636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The antibacterial activity and mechanism of a novel peptide MR-22 against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chunren","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longbing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruxia","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/biom8020019","article-title":"Improving the\u00a0activity of trp-rich antimicrobial peptides by arg\/lys substitutions and changing the length of cationic residues","volume":"8","author":"Arias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12111545","article-title":"Redox impact on bacterial macromolecule: A promising avenue for discovery and development of novel antibacterials","volume":"12","author":"Aribisala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2049936120912049","article-title":"How to manage KPC infections","volume":"7","author":"Bassetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther. 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