{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:37:57Z","timestamp":1792791477288,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in people with HIV (PWH). However, a chronic state of immune activation and inflammation is maintained despite achieving HIV suppression and satisfactory immunological recovery. We aimed to determine whether the plasma metabolomic profile of PWH on long-term suppressive ART and immunologically recovered approximates the normality by comparison with healthy controls with similar age and gender.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We carried out a cross-sectional study in 17 PWH on long-term ART (HIV-RNA &amp;lt;50 copies\/mL, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> \u2265500 cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> \u22651) and 19 healthy controls with similar age and gender. Metabolomics analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The statistical association analysis was performed by principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and Generalized Linear Models (GLM) with a gamma distribution (log-link). Significance levels (p-value) were corrected for multiple testing (q-value).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PCA and PLS-DA analyses found no relevant differences between groups. Adjusted GLM showed 14 significant features (q-value&amp;lt;0.20), of which only three could be identified: lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) (22:6) (q-value=0.148), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) (22:6) (q-value=0.050) and hydroperoxy-octadecatrienoic acid (HpOTrE)\/dihydroperoxy-octadecatrienoic acid (DiHOTrE)\/epoxy-octadecadienoic acid (EpODE) (q-value=0.136). These significant identified metabolites were directly correlated to plasma inflammatory biomarkers in PWH and negatively correlated in healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PWH on long-term ART have a metabolomic profile that is almost normal compared to healthy controls. Nevertheless, residual metabolic alterations linked to inflammatory biomarkers persist, which could favor the development of age-related comorbidities among this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1340610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T04:49:14Z","timestamp":1710391754000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Plasma metabolomic profile is near-normal in people with HIV on long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Virseda-Berdices","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Mart\u00edn-Escolano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Berenguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Brochado-Kith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leire","family":"P\u00e9rez-Latorre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Honta\u00f1\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coral","family":"Barbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Resino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda \u00c1ngeles","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9100210","article-title":"Plasma metabolic signature and abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals on long-term successful antiretroviral therapy","volume":"9","author":"Babu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041456","article-title":"Plasma lysophosphatidylcholine levels are reduced in obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Barber","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002645","article-title":"Near normalization of peripheral blood markers in HIV-infected patients on long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy: a case-control study","volume":"34","author":"BroChado-Kith","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.151","article-title":"Management of the metabolic effects of HIV and HIV drugs","volume":"8","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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