{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:17:24Z","timestamp":1789586244393,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between the gut microbiota, acute pancreatitis, and potential inflammatory proteins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data for gut microbiota, acute pancreatitis, and inflammatory proteins are sourced from public databases. We conducted a bidirectional MR analysis to explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and acute pancreatitis, and employed a two-step MR analysis to identify potential mediating inflammatory proteins. IVW is the primary analysis method, heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and sensitivity analyses were also conducted simultaneously.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified five bacterial genera associated with the risk of acute pancreatitis, namely <jats:italic>genus.Coprococcus3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>genus.Eubacterium fissicatena group<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>genus.Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003, genus.Fusicatenibacter, and genus.Ruminiclostridium6<\/jats:italic>. Additionally, we have discovered three inflammatory proteins that are also associated with the occurrence of acute pancreatitis, namely interleukin-15 receptor subunit alpha (IL-15RA), monocyte chemoattractant protein-4 (CCL13), and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (TNFRSF9). Following a two-step MR analysis, we ultimately identified IL-15RA as a potential intermediate factor, with a mediated effect of 0.018 (95% CI: 0.005 - 0.032).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results support the idea that <jats:italic>genus.Coprococcus3<\/jats:italic> promotes the occurrence of acute pancreatitis through IL-15RA. Furthermore, there is a potential causal relationship between the gut microbiota, inflammatory proteins, and acute pancreatitis. These findings provide new insights for subsequent acute pancreatitis prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1380998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T04:42:51Z","timestamp":1717130571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Gut microbiota influence acute pancreatitis through inflammatory proteins: a Mendelian randomization analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Peiyao","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianlong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31417","article-title":"Microbiomics, metabolomics, predicted metagenomics, and hepatic steatosis in a population-based study of 1,355 adults","volume":"73","author":"Alferink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03916.x","article-title":"The microbiome as a human organ","author":"Baquero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. 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